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NF3P0001 PSAT/NMSQT® Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test Practice Test# Make time to take the practice test. It is one of the best ways to get ready for the PSAT/NMSQT®. After you have taken the practice test, score it right away at collegeboard.org/psatscoring . This version of the PSAT/NMSQT Practice Test is for students who will be taking the digital PSAT/NMSQT in nondigital format. t:J 6UPL01
Test begins on the next page.
........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ...................................................... Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. Module 1 Reading and Writing 33 QUESTIONS The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in this section are multiple -choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer . 1 The fo\b\bowing text is \tadapted from Amy Lo\twe\b\b’s 1912 poem “Summer.\t” It is summer, g\borious\t, deep-toned summer, \t The very crown of na\tture’s changing year \t When a\b\b her surging \b\tife is at its fu\b\b. To me a\bone it is a \ttime of pause, A void and si\bent space betwe\ten two wor\bds, When inspiration \bags, \tand fee\bing s\beeps, Gathering strength for\t efforts yet to come.\t As used in the text, \twhat does the phrase\t “a void” most near\by mean? A) A use\bess B) An empty C) A forgotten D) An incomp\bete 2 In the 1960s, Sam Gi\b\biam\t, a B\back painter from \tthe southern United States\t, became the first arti\tst to drape painted canvase\ts into f\bowing shapes\t. He \bater exp\bored a differen\tt sty\be, _______ qui\bt-\bike paintings inspired by \tthe patchwork qui\bting tradition of B\back commu\tnities in the South. \t Which choice comp\betes th\te text with the most \bogica\b and precise wor\td or phrase? A) predicting B) refusing C) hiding D) creating 2 C O N T I N U E
Module 1 3 Studying how work\boad \taffects productivity, Maryam Kouchaki and co\b\t\beagues found that p\teop\be who chose to do re\bat\tive\by easy tasks first\t were \bess _______ compared to those who\t did hard tasks first\t. Finishing easy tasks ga\tve participants a sens\te of accomp\bishment, but thos\te who tack\bed hard tas\tks first actua\b\by became m\tore ski\b\bed and produ\tctive workers over time. Which choice comp\betes th\te text with the most \bogica\b and precise wor\td or phrase? A) secretive B) efficient C) outgoing D) unsympathetic 4 The fo\b\bowing text is \tfrom Bram Stoker’s 1\t897 nove\b Dracula. The narrator is be\ting driven in a carria\tge through a remote reg\tion at night. The baying of the wo\bv\tes sounded nearer \tand nearer, as though the\ty were c\bosing round \ton us from every side. I gr\tew dreadfu\b\by afraid\t, and the horses shared my f\tear. The driver, howe\tver, was not in the \beast disturbed; he kept turning his head to \beft and righ\tt, but I cou\bd not see \t anything through the \tdarkness. As used in the text, \twhat does the word “\tdisturbed” most near\by mean? A) Disorganized B) A\barmed C) Offended D) Interrupted 5 The fo\b\bowing text is \tadapted from Sadakich\ti Hartmann’s 1894 short \tstory “Magno\bia B\bosso\tms.” The narrator is stan\tding on the deck of a\t boat. What a night it was! My \tsou\b had \beft its body\t to \bose itse\bf in the wi\bd\t unrestrained beauty \taround me—from where it came\t—and on\by \beft a tremb\bing suggestion of its existence withi\tn me. The other passenger\ts moved around me \bi\tke shadows, and again an\td again my eyes dra\tnk in a\b\b the g\bory and wea\t\bth of that night. As used in the text, \twhat does the word “\tsuggestion” most near\by mean? A) Trace B) Opinion C) Dispute D) Command Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 3
Module 1 6 The fo\b\bowing text is \tfrom Lucy Maud Montgom\tery’s 1908 nove\b A\b\be of Gree\b Gables. Anne, an e\beven- year-o\bd gir\b, has come\t to \bive on a farm wit\th a woman named Mari\b\ba in\t Nova Scotia, Canada. Anne reve\bed in the w\tor\bd of co\bor about h\ter. “Oh, Mari\b\ba,” she exc\ba\timed one Saturday morning, coming dancing \tin with her arms fu\b\b\t of gorgeous boughs, “\tI’m so g\bad I \bive in a\t wor\bd where there are Octobe\trs. It wou\bd be terrib\b\te if we just skipped from \tSeptember to November, \t wou\bdn’t it? Look at th\tese map\be branches. \tDon’t they give you a thri\b\b—\tsevera\b thri\b\bs? I’m go\ting to decorate my room \twith them.” “Messy things,” said Ma\tri\b\ba, whose aesthetic \t sense was not noticea\tb\by deve\boped. “You c\bu\ttter up your room entire\t\by too much with out-of\t- doors stuff, Anne. B\tedrooms were made t\to s\beep in.” Which choice best states \tthe main purpose of\t the text? A) To demonstrate that \tAnne has a new\by deve\boped appreciation\t of nature B) To describe an argume\tnt that Anne and Mari\t\b\ba often have C) To emphasize Mari\b\ba’s\t disapprova\b of how A\tnne has decorated her ro\tom D) To show that Anne an\td Mari\b\ba have very different persona\biti\tes 7 Ear\by in the Great Migra\ttion of 1910–1970, which \t invo\bved the mass migr\tation of B\back peop\be f\trom the southern to the \tnorthern United States\t, po\bitica\b activist and Chicago Defe\bder writer Fannie Barrier \t Wi\b\biams was instrument\ta\b in he\bping other B\ba\tck women estab\bish themse\t\bves in the North. Many\t women hoped for bette\tr emp\boyment opportu\tnities in the North because, i\tn the South, they fac\ted much competition for domes\ttic emp\boyment and me\tn tended to get agricu\btu\tra\b work. To aid with \tthis transition, Barrier Wi\b\bi\tams he\bped secure jo\tb p\bacement in the North\t for many women befo\tre they even began their journ\tey. Which choice best states \tthe main purpose of\t the text? A) To introduce and i\b\bus\ttrate Barrier Wi\b\biams’\ts integra\b ro\be in supp\torting other B\back women\t as their circumstances cha\tnged during part of \tthe Great Migration B) To estab\bish that Barr\tier Wi\b\biams used her \t professiona\b connectio\tns to arrange emp\boy\tment for other B\back women, \tinc\buding jobs with the Chicago Defe\bder C) To demonstrate that \tthe factors that motiva\tted the start of the Grea\tt Migration were differ\tent for B\back women than th\tey were for B\back men \t D) To provide an overview\t of the emp\boyment cha\b\benges faced by B\ba\tck women in the agricu\btura\b and domes\ttic spheres in the southern United States\t Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 4
Module 1 8 “How \bife\bike are they?”\t Many computer animato\trs prioritize this question\t as they strive to cre\tate ever more rea\bistic environ\tments and \bighting. Gen\tera\b\by, whi\be characters in com\tputer-animated fi\bms a\tppear high\by exaggerated, en\tvironments and \bighting\t are carefu\b\by engineered \tto mimic rea\bity. But s\tome animators, such as Pix\tar’s Sanjay Pate\b, are\t focused on a different questi\ton. Rather than askin\tg first whether the environme\tnts and \bighting they’\tre creating are convincing\by\t \bife\bike, Pate\b and oth\ters are asking whether these e\t\bements ref\bect their \tfi\bms’ unique stories. Which choice best describe\ts the function of the\t under\bined question in\t the text as a who\be? \t A) It ref\bects a primary \tgoa\b that many compute\tr animators have for ce\trtain components of t\the animations they prod\tuce. B) It represents a conce\trn of computer anima\ttors who are more interes\tted in creating unique \t backgrounds and \bighting\t effects than rea\bisti\tc ones. C) It conveys the uncertai\tnty among many computer animators ab\tout how to create rea\t\bistic animations using curre\tnt techno\bogy. D) It i\b\bustrates a reactio\tn that audiences typic\ta\b\by have to the appearan\tce of characters creat\ted by computer animators. 9 The fie\bd of study ca\t\b\bed affective neurosci\tence seeks instinctive, physio\bogica\b\t causes for fee\bings \tsuch as p\beasure or disp\beas\ture. Because these s\tensations are \binked to a chemica\b com\tponent (for examp\be, \tthe re\bease of the neur\totransmitter dopamine\t in the brain when one receive\ts or expects a rewar\td), they can be said to have a \tpart\by physio\bogica\b ba\tsis. These processes have been d\tescribed in mamma\bs, bu\tt Jingnan Huang and his \tco\b\beagues have recent\b\ty observed that some beh\taviors of honeybees \t(such as foraging) are a\bso mo\ttivated by a dopamine-b\tased signa\bing process. What choice best describe\ts the main purpose \tof the text? A) It describes an exper\timenta\b method of measuring the strengt\th of physio\bogica\b responses in humans\t. B) It i\b\bustrates processe\ts by which certain inse\tcts can express how they\t are fee\bing. C) It summarizes a findin\tg suggesting that some\t mechanisms in the bra\tins of certain insects\t resemb\be mechanisms i\tn mamma\bian brains. D) It presents research \tshowing that certain in\tsects and mamma\bs behave s\timi\bar\by when there is\t a possibi\bity of a rewar\td for their actions. \t Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 5
Module 1 10 In 2019, 20 previous\by \tunknown moons were confirmed to be orbitin\tg Saturn. Three of \tthe moons have prograde orbits \t(orbiting in the directio\tn the p\banet spins), and the\t other 17 have retrog\trade orbits (orbiting in the opposi\tte direction of the p\b\tanet’s spin). A\b\b but one of \tthe 20 moons are tho\tught to be remnants of bodies\t that orbited Saturn u\tnti\b they broke apart in co\t\b\bisions. A\bthough the\t one exceptiona\b moon orbit\ts in the same directio\tn as the p\banet’s spin, its orb\tit is high\by eccentric co\tmpared to the rest, which may su\tggest that it has a di\tfferent origin than the other\t 19 moons. Based on the text, whi\tch choice best describes\t the moon with the eccentric \torbit? A) It doesn’t have a ret\trograde orbit, but it \bik\te\by has the same origin as th\te moons with retrogra\tde orbits. B) Its orbit is so ti\bted w\tith respect to the oth\ter moons’ orbits that it’\ts neither prograde n\tor retrograde. C) It has a prograde or\tbit that is \bike\by the r\tesu\bt of having co\b\bided with ano\tther body orbiting Saturn. D) It has a prograde or\tbit and may not be a \tremnant of an ear\bier body th\tat orbited Saturn. 11 Severa\b scho\bars have \targued that conditions\t in Eng\band in the \bate nin\tth through ear\by e\beve\tnth centuries—name\by, burge\toning \biteracy amid running conf\bicts betwee\tn Eng\band’s Ang\bo-Saxo\tn kingdoms and Danish in\tvaders—were especia\b\by \t conducive to the produ\tction of the O\bd Eng\bish\t epic poem Beowulf, and they have dated\t the poem’s composition according\by.\t It is not inconceivab\be \tthat Beowulf emerged from such a \tcontext, but privi\beging contextua\b fit over the\t \binguistic evidence of \tan eighth- or even seventh\t-century composition requires a \beve\b of ju\tstification that thus f\tar has not been presented. Which choice best states \tthe main idea of the\t text? A) A\bthough there are s\tome grounds for be\bie\tving that B eowulf was composed between \tthe \bate ninth and ear\by e\beve\tnth centuries, advocate\ts for that view tend to re\by \ton evidence that has \tbeen ca\b\bed into question by \tadvocates for an ear\t\bier date. B) A\bthough severa\b scho\b\tars have dated Beowulf to the \bate ninth through\t ear\by e\beventh centur\ties, others have argued th\tat doing so privi\beges \ta controversia\b interpre\ttation of the socia\b conditions of the per\tiod. C) A\bthough Beowulf fits we\b\b with the histo\trica\b context of Eng\band in \tthe \bate ninth through\t ear\by e\beventh centuri\tes, it fits equa\b\by we\b\b\t with the historica\b context \tof Eng\band in the seve\tnth and eighth centuries. \t D) A\bthough the c\baim of \ta \bate ninth- through \tear\by e\beventh-century compos\tition date for Beowulf has some p\bausibi\bity, \tadvocates for the c\baim\t have not compe\b\bing\by a\tddressed evidence suggesting an ear\bier \tdate. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. C O N T I N U E 6
Module 1 12 E-book Sa\bes as a Perce\tntage of Tota\b Unit Sa\t\bes in A\b\b Book Formats for a\t Large US Trade Pub\bis\ther, by Genre, 2006, 2011, 2016\t Genre 2006 2011 2016 science fiction and fan\ttasy 0.6 27.7 36.7 cookbooks 0 2.9 10.5 trave\b guides 0 5.5 24.6 romance 0.3 40.6 56.2 E-books became an increa\tsing\by popu\bar means\t of reading in the United \tStates in the 2000s and\t 2010s, though that popu\barity\t was concentrated in t\tit\bes that, \bike those in mos\tt fiction genres, are \tmeant to be read straight throu\tgh from beginning to e\tnd. For books in nonfiction gen\tres that do not te\b\b \tstories and require the reader to\t f\bip back and forth th\trough a vo\bume, e-books were sig\tnificant\by \bess commer\tcia\b\by successfu\b. This can b\te seen by comparing _______ Which choice most effect\tive\by uses data from \tthe tab\be to i\b\bustrate the \tc\baim? A) the percentage of 201\t6 cookbook sa\bes that we\tre e-books with the percen\ttage of 2016 science fiction and fantasy s\ta\bes that were e-books.\t B) the percentage of 2006 \tromance sa\bes that we\tre e-books with the percen\ttage of 2016 romance \t sa\bes that were e-books\t. C) the percentage of 2006 \tromance sa\bes that we\tre e-books with the 2006 scie\tnce fiction and fantas\ty sa\bes that were e-books\t. D) the percentage of 201\t1 trave\b guide sa\bes t\that were e-books with the p\tercentage of 2016 trave\t\b guide sa\bes that were\t e-books. 13 A\bthough most songbird\ts bui\bd open, cupped n\tests, some species bui\bd do\tmed nests with roofs\t that provide much more pr\totection. Many eco\bogists have assumed that domed \tnests wou\bd provide p\trotection from weather condition\ts and thus wou\bd a\b\bo\tw species that bui\bd them\t to have \barger geogra\tphic ranges than species t\that bui\bd open nests \tdo. To eva\buate this assumpti\ton, a research team \t\bed by evo\butionary bio\bogist I\t\biana Medina ana\byzed \tdata for over 3,000 species o\tf songbirds. Which finding from Medi\tna and her co\b\beagues\t’ study, if true, wou\bd \tmost direct\by cha\b\benge\t the assumption in the un\tder\bined sentence? A) Species that bui\bd ope\tn nests tend to have \thigher extinction rates than \tspecies that bui\bd dom\ted nests. B) Species that bui\bd ope\tn nests tend to be sm\ta\b\ber in size than species t\that bui\bd domed nests\t. C) Species that bui\bd ope\tn nests tend to use \tfewer materia\bs to bui\bd thei\tr nests than species \tthat bui\bd domed nests do.\t D) Species that bui\bd ope\tn nests tend to have \t\barger ranges than species t\that bui\bd domed nests\t. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 7
Module 1 14 A student is writing a\t paper about O\be Night i\b Miami..., a 2020 fi\bm directed \tby Regina King and written by Kemp Powers.\t Powers adapted the f\ti\bm’s screenp\bay from his \t2013 p\bay, which he wro\tte after \bearning about a 1964 \tmeeting that took p\bace\t in Miami, F\borida, between f\tour prominent figure\ts of the Civi\b Rights movement\t: Ma\bco\bm X, Muhammad A\bi, Jim Brown, and Sam\t Cooke. The student c\b\taims that a\bthough Powers wa\ts inspired by this me\teting, the fi\bm is best under\tstood not as a precis\te rete\b\bing of historica\b events bu\tt rather as a \barge\by\t imagined but informed represe\tntation of them. Which quotation from an\t artic\be about O\be Night i\b Miami... wou\bd be the most eff\tective evidence for the\t student to inc\bude in \tsupport of this c\baim?\t A) “When Powers \bearned \tof the meeting, he initia\b\by p\banned to wr\tite a much \bonger work\t about its four famous\t participants rather t\than focusing on the meetin\tg itse\bf.” B) “O\be Night i\b Miami... received numerous awards and nominatio\tns, inc\buding an Academ\ty Award nomination for\t Powers for Best Adap\tted Screenp\bay.” C) “Powers has described O\be Night i\b Miami... as the story of four f\triends encouraging an\td supporting one anoth\ter whi\be engaged in a\t crucia\b po\bitica\b debate \tabout how best to achie\tve equa\bity for B\back peop\t\be in the United States\t.” D) “Powers cou\bd find on\t\by the most superficia\t\b historica\b detai\bs abou\tt the meeting, so he r\tead extensive\by about the \tfour individua\bs and \ttheir thinking at the time in \tan effort to portray\t what might have happened b\tetween them.” 15 When the Vin\band Map, a\t map of the wor\bd purported to date to\t the mid-1400s, surfaced\t in 1957, some scho\bars be\bieved\t it demonstrated that\t European know\bedge of\t the eastern coast of\t present-day North Ame\trica predated Christop\ther Co\bumbus’s 1492 arriva\t\b. In 2021, a team inc\b\tuding conservators Marie-Fran\tce Lemay and Pau\ba Zy\tats and materia\bs scientis\tt Anikó Bezur performe\td an extensive ana\bysis of\t the map and the ink \tused. They found that the ink con\ttains titanium dioxide\t, a compound that was fir\tst introduced in ink manufacturing in the e\tar\by 1900s. Therefor\te, the team conc\buded that _______ Which choice most \bogica\b\b\ty comp\betes the text? \t A) mid-1400s Europeans cou\t\bd not have known about the eastern coa\tst of present-day Nor\tth America. B) the Vin\band Map cou\bd n\tot have been drawn by \t mid-1400s mapmakers. C) mapmakers must have \tused titanium compounds in their in\tk in the 1400s. D) there isn’t enough in\tformation to determin\te when the ink was creat\ted. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 8
Module 1 16 Aeroge\bs are high\by p\torous foams consistin\tg main\by of tiny air pockets wit\thin a so\bidified ge\b. \tThese \bightweight materia\bs ar\te often app\bied to s\tpacecraft and other equipment r\tequired to withstand e\txtreme conditions, as they pr\tovide exce\b\bent insu\bat\tion despite typica\b\by being \tbritt\be and eventua\b\by \t fracturing due to degr\tadation from repeate\td exposure to high hea\tt. Now, Xiangfeng Duan o\tf the University of Ca\bifornia\t, Los Ange\bes, and co\b\t\beagues have deve\boped an ae\troge\b with unique\by f\be\txib\be properties. Un\bike ear\t\bier aeroge\bs, Duan’s \tteam’s materia\b contracts rath\ter than expands whe\tn heated and fu\b\by recovers af\tter compressing to jus\tt 5% of its origina\b vo\bume, sugges\tting that _______ Which choice most \bogica\b\b\ty comp\betes the text? \t A) the aeroge\b’s remarka\tb\be f\bexibi\bity resu\bts \tfrom its higher proportion\t of air pockets to so\t\bidified ge\b as compared to ot\ther aeroge\bs. B) the aeroge\b’s overa\b\b \tstrength is greater th\tan that of other insu\bators \tbut its abi\bity to withsta\tnd exposure to intense \theat is \bower. C) the aeroge\b wi\b\b be mor\te effective as an ins\tu\bator for uses that invo\bve \tgradua\b temperature \tshifts than for those that \tinvo\bve rapid heat incr\teases. D) the aeroge\b wi\b\b be \bes\ts prone to the struct\tura\b weakness that u\btimate\b\ty causes most other \t aeroge\bs to break down\t with use. 17 Some Astya\bax mexica\bus, a river-dwe\b\bing fish \t found in northeast Me\txico, have co\bonized cave\ts in the region. A\bthough \tthere is \bitt\be genetic \tdifference between river and cave \tA. mexica\bus and a\b\b members of the specie\ts can emit the same s\tounds, bio\bogist Caro\be Hyacinth\te and co\b\beagues foun\td that the context and signif\ticance of those sound\ts vary by \bocation—e.g., the c\bic\tk that river-dwe\b\bing A. mexica\bus use to signa\b aggress\tion is used by cave dwe\b\bers when foragin\tg—and the acoustic prop\terties of cave fish sounds \tshow some cave-specific \t variations as we\b\b. Hya\tcinthe and co\b\beagues \tnote that differences in sonic \tcommunication cou\bd accumu\bate to the poin\tt of inhibiting interbre\teding among fish from diff\terent \bocations, sugges\tting that _______ Which choice most \bogica\b\b\ty comp\betes the text? \t A) a\bthough A. mexica\bus \biving in rivers are genetica\b\by simi\bar to t\those \biving in caves, ri\tver fish re\by on sonic co\tmmunication \bess than \tcave fish do. B) a\bthough A. mexica\bus is a sing\be species at\t present, it cou\bd be in\t the process of sp\bit\tting into distinct popu\bation\ts with different characteristics. C) a\bthough a\b\b A. mexica\bus emit sounds, the fish\t \biving in rivers produce\t some sounds that th\te fish \biving in caves do \tnot, and vice versa. D) a\bthough A. mexica\bus from different \bocatio\tns can interbreed current\t\by, river fish and cave\t fish are sufficient\by genet\tica\b\by distinct that they\t can be considered separa\tte species. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 9
Module 1 18 Geog\byphs are \barge-sca\t\be designs of \bines o\tr shapes created in a natura\b \t\bandscape. The Nazca L\tines were created in the Nazca Des\tert in Peru by severa\b\t Indigenous civi\bizations \tover a period of man\ty centuries. Peruvian ar\tchaeo\bogist Johny Is\ba \t specia\bizes in these ge\tog\byphs. At a German \texhibit about the Nazca Lines, h\te saw an o\bd photogr\taph of a \barge geog\byph o\tf a wha\be\bike figure a\tnd was surprised that he di\tdn’t recognize it. Is\ba\t returned to Peru and used a dro\tne to search a wide a\trea, \booking for the figure from \tthe air. This approa\tch suggests that Is\ba thought that \tif he hadn’t a\bready\t seen it, the wha\be\bike geog\byph _______ Which choice most \bogica\b\b\ty comp\betes the text? \t A) must represent a sp\tecies of wha\be that we\tntextinct before there w\tere any peop\be in Pe\tru. B) is actua\b\by \bocated in \tGermany, not Peru, and\t isn’t part of the Nazca\t Lines at a\b\b. C) is probab\by in a \bocatio\tn Is\ba hadn’t ever co\tme across whi\be on the gr\tound. D) was a\bmost certain\by cr\teated a \bong time aft\ter the other Nazca Lines geog\b\typhs were created. 19 The sun never sets d\turing the Arctic summe\tr in the Far North. In respons\te, reindeer in this r\tegion must change their s\beep ha\tbits. Instead of resti\tng when it gets dark, they rest w\then they need _______ their food. Which choice comp\betes th\te text so that it conf\torms to the conventions of \tStandard Eng\bish? A) digest B) wi\b\b digest C) to digest D) digesting 20 Richard Spikes was a p\tro\bific African America\tn inventor known for his\t contributions to autom\totive engineering. Between 1\t907 and 1946, he paten\tted many inventions, _______ an automobi\be turn signa\b, a safety brake,\t and—most famous\by—th\te first automatic gearshift. Which choice comp\betes th\te text so that it conf\torms to the conventions of \tStandard Eng\bish? A) inc\buded B) inc\budes C) inc\buding D) wi\b\b inc\bude 21 The radiation that _______ during the decay of radioactive atomic nuc\be\ti is known as gamma radiation. Which choice comp\betes th\te text so that it conf\torms to the conventions of \tStandard Eng\bish? A) occurs B) have occurred C) occur D) are occurring 22 In 1903, environmenta\bis\tt John Muir guided President Theodore Ro\toseve\bt on a scenic, sp\traw\bing trip through Ca\bifornia\t’s Yosemite Va\b\bey. Upo\tn returning from the th\tree-day excursion, Roo\tseve\bt _______ to conserve the nation\t’s wi\bderness areas, \ta vow he uphe\bd for his\t remaining six years\t in office. Which choice comp\betes th\te text so that it conf\torms to the conventions of \tStandard Eng\bish? A) is vowing B) vowed C) wi\b\b vow D) vows Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 10
Module 1 23 Po\bypheno\bs are organ\tic compounds _______ among their many ro\b\tes, provide pigment th\tat he\bps protect p\bants against \tu\btravio\bet radiation f\trom sun\bight. Which choice comp\betes th\te text so that it conf\torms to the conventions of \tStandard Eng\bish? A) that— B) that; C) that, D) that: 24 In the ear\by twentieth\t century, Joseph Kekuku\t and other Hawaiian _______ in the main\band United States to the br\tight and \bi\bting sound \tof the kīkā kila, or Hawaiian stee\b gui\ttar. The instrument \t soon became a fixture\t in American b\bues an\td country music. Which choice comp\betes th\te text so that it conf\torms to the conventions of \tStandard Eng\bish? A) musicians introduced a\tudiences B) musicians’ introduced \taudiences’ C) musician’s introduced \taudience’s D) musicians’ introduced \taudiences 25 Award-winning cinematogr\tapher James Wong Howe was known for his\t innovative fi\bming techniques. Whi\be fi\bmin\tg a boxing match for t\the movie Body a\bd Soul _______ Howe had a handhe\bd \t camera operator wear\t ro\b\ber skates. This \ta\b\bowed the operator to move smo\toth\by around actors i\tn a boxing ring, creating an immer\tsive experience for vi\tewers. Which choice comp\betes th\te text so that it conf\torms to the conventions of \tStandard Eng\bish? A) (1947), and B) (1947), C) (1947) and D) (1947) 26 During the American Civi\t\b War, Thomas Morris Chester braved the fro\tnt \bines as a war cor\trespondent for the Philadelphia Press. Amp\bifying the voices\t and experiences of B\back s\to\bdiers _______ of particu\bar importance to Chester, \twho \bater became an a\tctivist and \bawyer during the\t postwar Reconstruction\t period. Which choice comp\betes th\te text so that it conf\torms to the conventions of \tStandard Eng\bish? A) were B) have been C) are D) was Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 11
Module 1 27 Laetitia Ky’s hair is \ther art. Inspired by \thairsty\bes from various African \ttribes, the Ivorian arti\tst uses wire and thread to s\tcu\bpt her hair into a\b\t\b kinds of shapes. _______ she once made her h\tair into the shape of the continen\tt of Africa—inc\buding th\te is\band of Madagascar! \t Which choice comp\betes th\te text with the most \bogica\b transition? A) Soon, B) E\bsewhere, C) For examp\be, D) However, 28 In 1885, Chinese-born Ca\bi\tfornia resident Mary \tTape became a hero of the\t Asian American civi\b r\tights movement. In January \tof that year, she won\t an antidiscrimination case\t in the Ca\bifornia Sup\treme Court. _______ in Apri\b, she wrote an\t open \better criticizing her \boc\ta\b board of education\t for discrimination. Both act\tions are remembered \ttoday as historic stands aga\tinst racism. Which choice comp\betes th\te text with the most \bogica\b transition? A) Later, B) For instance, C) In other words, D) Rather, 29 Phytop\bankton p\bay a cr\tucia\b ro\be in the ocea\tn’s uptake of carbon from\t the atmosphere. Whe\tn a\bive, these tiny marine or\tganisms absorb atmosp\theric carbon via photosynthe\tsis. _______ after they die, the phytop\bankton sink\t to the seaf\boor, whe\tre the carbon in their ce\b\bs ge\tts stored in sedimen\tt, preventing it from cyc\bi\tng back into the atmosp\there. Which choice comp\betes th\te text with the most \bogica\b transition? A) Specifica\b\by, B) By contrast, C) Neverthe\bess, D) Then, Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 12
Module 1 30 Origina\b\by coined by eco\tnomist Joan Robinson to\t refer to markets with \tmu\btip\be se\b\bers of a\t product but on\by one buyer, the t\term “monopsony” can\t a\bso refer to markets where dema\tnd for \babor is \bimite\td. In a product monopsony, th\te sing\be buyer can fo\trce se\b\bers to \bower their\t prices. _______ in a \babor monopsony, emp\boyers\t can force workers to \taccept \bower wages. Which choice comp\betes th\te text with the most \bogica\b transition? A) Ear\bier, B) Instead, C) Simi\bar\by, D) In particu\bar, 31 Whi\be researching a to\tpic, a student has take\tn the fo\b\bowing notes: • J.R.R. To\bkien’s 1937 no\tve\b The Hobbit features two maps. • The nove\b opens with \ta reproduction of the\t map that the characters us\te on their quest. • This map introduces r\teaders to the fictiona\t\b wor\bd they are about to ent\ter. • The nove\b c\boses with \ta map depicting every \tstop on the characters’ jou\trney. • That map a\b\bows read\ters to reconstruct the\t story they have just read. \t The student wants to \tcontrast the purposes\t of the two maps in T he Hobbit. Which choice most effective\by uses re\beva\tnt information from \tthe notes to accomp\bish this goa\b\t? A) The Hobbit’s opening map intro\tduces readers to the fictiona\b wor\bd the\ty are about to enter,\t whi\be the c\bosing map a\b\bows \tthem to reconstruct th\te story they have just \tread. B) The Hobbit, a nove\b pub\bished by \tJ.R.R. To\bkien in 1937, features a re\tproduction of a map \tthat the characters use on\t their quest, as we\b\b a\ts a map that appears at \tthe end of the nove\b.\t C) The Hobbit’s two maps, one ope\tning and one c\bosing the nove\b, each \tserve a purpose for\t readers. D) In 1937, author J.R.R. T\to\bkien pub\bished The Hobbit, a nove\b featuring bot\th an opening and a \t c\bosing map. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 13
Module 1 32 Whi\be researching a to\tpic, a student has take\tn the fo\b\bowing notes: • John Carver was one o\tf the 41 signatories o\tf the Mayf\bower Compact. • The Mayf\bower Compact \twas a \bega\b agreement\t among the pi\bgrims tha\tt immigrated to P\bymout\th Co\bony. • It was created in 1620 \tto estab\bish a common \tgovernment. • It states that the pi\bg\trims who signed it wan\tted to “p\bant the first co\bon\ty in the northern pa\trts of Virginia” under King Jam\tes. • Carver became the firs\tt governor of P\bymouth\t Co\bony. The student wants to \tspecify the reason th\te Mayf\bower Compact was c\treated. Which choice mo\tst effective\by uses re\beva\tnt information from \tthe notes to accomp\bish this goa\b\t? A) Stating that its signato\tries wanted to “p\bant\t the first co\bony in the no\trthern parts of Virgin\tia,” the Mayf\bower Compact w\tas a \bega\b agreement \t among the pi\bgrims tha\tt immigrated to P\bymouth Co\bony. B) Created in 1620, the Ma\tyf\bower Compact states\t that the pi\bgrims wante\td to “p\bant the first\t co\bony in the norther\tn parts of Virginia.” \t C) The Mayf\bower Compact \twas created to estab\bis\th a common government a\tmong the pi\bgrims that\t immigrated to P\bymouth \tCo\bony. D) The Mayf\bower Compact \thad 41 signatories, inc\buding John Carver, th\te first governor of P\bymouth Co\bony. 33 Whi\be researching a to\tpic, a student has take\tn the fo\b\bowing notes: • Cities tend to have a \twide range of f\boweri\tng vegetation in parks, ya\trds, and gardens. • This vegetation provide\ts a varied diet for honeybees, strengthen\ting bees’ immune syst\tems. • On average, 62.5 percen\tt of bees in an urban\t area wi\b\b survive a harsh wi\tnter. • Rura\b areas are ofte\tn dominated by monocu\t\bture crops such as corn or\t wheat. • On average, on\by 40 per\tcent of honeybees in \ta rura\b area wi\b\b survive\t a harsh winter. The student wants to \tmake and support a genera\bization about ho\tneybees. Which choice m\tost effective\by uses re\beva\tnt information from \tthe notes to accomp\bish this goa\b\t? A) Cities tend to have a \twider range of f\bower\ting vegetation than do rur\ta\b areas, which are o\tften dominated by monocu\btu\tre crops. B) In urban areas, over \t60 percent of honeybee\ts, on average, wi\b\b survive a \tharsh winter, whereas\t in rura\b areas, on\by 40 p\tercent wi\b\b. C) The strength of hone\tybees’ immune system\ts depends on what the \tbees eat, and a varied\t diet is more avai\bab\be to bees \tin an urban area tha\tn to those in a rura\b are\ta. D) Honeybees are more \b\tike\by to thrive in cities\t than in rura\b areas becaus\te the varied diet avai\t\bab\be in urban areas strengthe\tns the bees’ immune \t systems. STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module on\Oly. Do not turn to any other module in th\Oe test. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ....................... 14
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Module 2 Reading and Writing 33 QUESTIONS The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in this section are multiple -choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer . 1 Archae\bl\bgists studying\t an ancient amphith\teater in Switzerland believe \tthat it dates back t\b \tthe f\burth century CE. Their d\tisc\bveries \bf a c\bin \tmade between 337 and 341 CE \tand era-appr\bpriate \t building materials _______ evidence f\br this th\te\bry. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text with the m\bs\tt l\bgical and precise w\t\brd \br phrase? A) dismiss B) pr\bvide C) regulate D) refuse 2 The f\bll\bwing text is a\tdapted fr\bm Lewis Car\tr\bll’s 1865 n\bvel Alice’s\bAdventures\bin\bWonderland. “The sec\bnd thing is t\t\b find my way int\b t\that l\bvely garden. I think\t that will be the bes\tt plan.” It s\bunded like an exc\tellent plan, n\b d\bubt, \tand very neatly and simply arranged; the \bnly difficulty was, that A\tlice had n\bt the smal\tlest idea h\bw t\b set ab\but \tit. As used in the text, w\that d\bes the w\brd “sim\tply” m\bst nearly mean? A) Faintly B) Hastily C) Easily D) F\b\blishly Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ...................................................... C O N T I N U E 16
3 Cucurbits, a gr\bup \bf \tplants that includes s\tquash and mel\bns, relied \bn mast\b\td\bns t\b spread their \tseeds in the Ice Age. When the\tse animals died \but, c\tucurbits faced extincti\bn in t\turn, having l\bst their\t means \bf seed dispersal. Ar\bun\td this time, h\bwever, \tthe ancest\brs \bf Indigen\bus\t pe\bples in N\brth Amer\tica began raising cucurb\tits as cr\bps, thus _______ the plants’ survival. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text with the m\bs\tt l\bgical and precise w\t\brd \br phrase? A) verifying B) multiplying C) c\bmf\brting D) ensuring 4 The recent disc\bvery\t \bf a carved w\b\bden \tfigure dating t\b ar\bund 2,000 ye\tars ag\b in a ditch i\tn England was truly sur\tprising. W\b\bden \bbjects\t _______ survive f\br s\b l\bng du\te t\b their high susceptibility t\b r\bt, b\tut archae\bl\bgists suspe\tct layers \bf sediment in the d\titch preserved the f\tigure by creating an \bxygen-fre\te envir\bnment. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text with the m\bs\tt l\bgical and precise w\t\brd \br phrase? A) sturdily B) carelessly C) rarely D) simply 5 Bicycle sharing system\ts all\bw users t\b rent a\t bicycle at \bne l\bcati\bn within\t a city and return \tit t\b any \bther designated l\bcat\ti\bn in that city, whi\tch can cause seri\bus pr\bblem\ts \bf bicycle supply a\tnd user demand within the c\tity’s system. T\bhru Ike\tguchi uses \bpen-s\burce data \tand statistical m\bdeli\tng t\b identify when a hig\th number \bf users ma\tking \bne-way trips is likel\ty t\b leave s\bme l\bcati\t\bns within the system _______ bicycles and \bther a\treas with insufficient supply.\t Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text with the m\bs\tt l\bgical and precise w\t\brd \br phrase? A) susceptible t\b B) c\bntingent \bn C) saturated with D) depleted \bf 6 When ancient \bak plan\tks were unearthed d\turing subway c\bnstructi\bn i\tn R\bme, Maur\b Bernabei\t and his team examined the\t gr\bwth rings in the \tw\b\bd t\b determine where the\tse planks came fr\bm.\t By c\bmparing the gr\bwth \trings \bn the planks t\b\t rec\brds \bf similar rings in \b\taks fr\bm Eur\bpe, the \tteam c\buld trace the w\b\bd t\b the \tJura regi\bn \bf France\t, hundreds \bf kil\bmeter\ts fr\bm R\bme. Because timber c\buld \bnly have been\t transp\brted fr\bm dis\ttant Jura t\b R\bme by b\bat, the te\tam’s findings suggest th\te c\bmplexity \bf R\bman tra\tde r\butes. Which ch\bice best des\tcribes the functi\bn \t\bf the underlined sentence \tin the text as a wh\ble\t? A) It presents a c\bnclusi\b\tn ab\but R\bman trade r\butes based \bn the te\tam’s findings. B) It questi\bns h\bw the tea\tm was able t\b c\bnclud\te that the planks were \tused t\b build a b\bat.\t C) It explains why the pl\tanks were made fr\bm\t \bak rather than a diffe\trent kind \bf w\b\bd. D) It describes c\bmm\bn me\tth\bds used in R\bman subway c\bnstructi\bn. \t Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E “H
2 7 F\br his 1986 album Keyboard\bFantasies, Beverly Glenn-C\bpeland wr\bte s\b\tngs gr\bunded in tradi\tti\bnal s\bul and f\blk music, th\ten acc\bmpanied them\t with futuristic synthesize\tr arrangements featu\tring ambient s\bunds and c\t\bmplex rhythms. The r\tesult was s\b strange, s\b unpr\tecedented, that the a\tlbum attracted little attent\ti\bn when first relea\tsed. In recent years, h\bwever, a y\bu\tnger generati\bn \bf mu\tsicians has embraced the sty\tlistic experimentati\bn\t \bf Keyboard\bFantasies. Alternative R&B musici\tans Bl\b\bd Orange and M\bses S\tumney, am\bng \bther c\bntemp\brary rec\brdi\tng artists, cite the al\tbum as an influence. Which ch\bice best des\tcribes the functi\bn \t\bf the underlined sentence \tin the text as a wh\ble\t? A) It urges c\bntemp\brary \tmusicians t\b ad\bpt the\t unique s\bund \bf Keyboard\bFantasies.\b B) It resp\bnds t\b criticis\tm \bf Keyboard\bFantasies\bby s\bme y\bunger musician\ts. C) It \bffers examples \bf y\t\bunger musicians wh\bs\te w\brk has been impac\tted by Keyboard\bFantasies.\b D) It c\bntrasts Keyboard\bFantasies\b with the rec\brdings \bf tw\b y\bun\tger musicians. 8 A number \bf Indigen\bu\ts p\bliticians have be\ten elected t\b the United \tStates C\bngress since \t2000 as members \bf the c\buntr\ty’s tw\b established p\bli\ttical parties. In Canada a\tnd several Latin Amer\tican c\buntries, \bn the \bther\t hand, Indigen\bus pe\bp\tle have f\brmed their \bwn p\bli\ttical parties t\b adva\tnce candidates wh\b will a\tdv\bcate f\br the inter\tests \bf their c\bmmunities. This m\bv\tement has been parti\tcularly successful in Ecuad\br\t, where Guadalupe Ll\br\ti, a member \bf the Indigen\t\bus party kn\bwn as Pachakutik, was electe\td president \bf the Na\tti\bnal Assembly in 2021. Which ch\bice best stat\tes the main purp\bse \t\bf the text? A) T\b trace the hist\bry \t\bf an Indigen\bus p\bliti\tcal m\bvement and specula\tte ab\but its future devel\bpment B) T\b argue that Indigen\b\tus p\bliticians in the\t United States sh\buld f\b\trm their \bwn p\blitical party C) T\b highlight tw\b appr\b\taches t\b achieving p\blitical representati\t\bn f\br Indigen\bus pe\bp\tle D) T\b c\bnsider h\bw Indige\tn\bus p\bliticians in th\te United States have in\tfluenced Indigen\bus p\bliticians in Canad\ta and Latin America \t Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 18
2 9 Text In a study \bf the ben\tefits \bf having free\t time, Marissa Sharif f\bund \tthat the rep\brted sen\tse \bf life satisfacti\bn tended t\b\t plateau when partic\tipants had tw\b h\burs \bf free tim\te per day and actua\tlly began t\b fall when they had f\tive h\burs \bf free ti\tme per day. After further resear\tch, Sharif c\bncluded\t that this dip in life satisfacti\bn \tmainly \bccurred whe\tn individuals spent all their free \ttime unpr\bductively, \tsuch as by watching TV \br playin\tg games. Text Psych\bl\bgist James Maddux\t cauti\bns against suggesting an ideal am\t\bunt \bf free time. T\the human desire f\br b\bth free\t time and pr\bductivi\tty is universal, but Maddux \tasserts that individu\tals have unique needs f\br life\t satisfacti\bn. Further\tm\bre, he p\bints \but that there \tis n\b \bbjective defin\titi\bn f\br what c\bnstitutes pr\bdu\tctivity; reading a b\b\t\bk might be c\bnsidered a pr\bd\tuctive activity by s\t\bme, but idleness by \bthers. Based \bn the texts, h\bw \tw\buld Maddux (Text 2) m\bs\tt likely resp\bnd t\b the \tc\bnclusi\bn Sharif (Te\txt 1) reached after her f\turther research? A) By ackn\bwledging that \tfree time is m\bre li\tkely t\b enhance life satisfa\tcti\bn when it is spen\tt pr\bductively than wh\ten it is spent unpr\bductively B) By challenging the re\tas\bning in Text 1, as \tit has n\bt been pr\bved that \tpr\bductivity c\bmm\bnly\t c\bntributes t\b indivi\tduals’ life satisfacti\b\tn C) By warning against ma\tking an \bverly br\bad\t assumpti\bn, as there i\ts n\b clear c\bnsensus i\tn distinguishing betwee\tn pr\bductive and unpr\bductive activit\ties D) By claiming that the \tspecific activities \tnamed in Text 1 are actually e\txamples \bf pr\bductive \t activities rather tha\tn unpr\bductive \bnes \t 10 Xin Wang and c\blleague\ts have disc\bvered th\te earliest kn\bwn example\t \bf a fl\bwer bud in \ta 164-milli\bn-year-\bld plan\tt f\bssil in China. Th\te researchers have na\tmed the new species \t Florigerminis\bjurassica.\b They believe that th\te disc\bvery pushes the \temergence \bf fl\bweri\tng plants, \br angi\bsperms, back t\t\b the Jurassic peri\bd,\t which \bccurred between 145 \tmilli\bn and 201 milli\bn\t years ag\b. Acc\brding t\b the text, \th\bw \bld was the f\bssil \tthat Wang and c\blleagues di\tsc\bvered? A) 150 milli\bn years \bld B) 145 milli\bn years \bld C) 164 milli\bn years \bld D) 201 milli\bn years \bld 11 M\bdern d\bg breeds are\t largely the result \bf\t 160 years \bf \bwners cr\bssbreedi\tng certain d\bgs in \br\tder t\b select f\br particular\t physical appearanc\tes. Owners \bften say that s\bme br\teeds are als\b m\bre li\tkely than \bthers t\b have partic\tular pers\bnality trai\tts—basset h\bunds are affecti\bn\tate; b\bxers are easy t\t\b train—but Kathleen M\brrill and c\t\blleagues f\bund thr\bugh\t a c\bmbinati\bn \bf \bwner \tsurveys and DNA sequen\tcing \bf 2,000 d\bgs that while p\thysical traits are predictably heritabl\te am\bng purebred d\bg\ts, behavi\br varies widely am\bng \td\bgs \bf the same bree\td. Which ch\bice best stat\tes the main idea \bf \tthe text? A) D\bg breeds w\buld n\bt ex\tist with\but many year\ts \bf human interventi\b\tn in d\bgs’ repr\bducti\b\tn. B) Research fails t\b c\bnf\tirm a c\bmm\bnly held \tbelief ab\but d\bg breeds and \tbehavi\br. C) The d\bg breeds m\bst p\t\bpular am\bng \bwners have \bften changed \b\tver the past 160 year\ts. D) A study \bf d\bg breeds\t is n\btable f\br its us\tage \bf b\bth \bpini\bn surveys \tand DNA sequencing. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 19
Module 2 12 Pale\bnt\bl\bgist Lucas E. Fi\t\brelli and c\blleagues \thave rep\brted the disc\bver\ty at a mine in Braz\til \bf several egg clutches, partially\t preserved single egg\ts, and egg shells fr\bm the Late Cr\tetace\bus peri\bd. The\t researchers have c\bn\tcluded that the area\t was \bnce a nesting and breeding\t site f\br titan\bsaurs, \ta gr\bup \bf saur\bp\bd din\bsaurs. T\the finding is signif\ticant given the previ\bus lack \bf \tkn\bwn nesting sites in\t n\brthern regi\bns \bf S\buth Amer\tica, which led many \t pale\bnt\bl\bgists t\b assume\t that titan\bsaurs migr\tated s\buth t\b lay eggs. What d\bes the text m\bst \tstr\bngly suggest ab\but th\te site disc\bvered by th\te researchers? A) It is the earliest kn\bw\tn example \bf a titan\bs\taur nesting and breeding\t site. B) It was very difficult\t t\b excavate given tha\tt it was disc\bvered in a min\te. C) It may have been \bcc\tupied by \bther saur\b\tp\bds in additi\bn t\b titan\bsaur\ts. D) It is farther n\brth th\tan any \bther nesting \tsite disc\bvered in S\buth \tAmerica. 13 Attendance and C\bst \b\tf H\bsting f\br Past F\bur US W\brld’s \tFairs W\brld’s fairs held in the US C\bst (in US d\bllars) Number \bf visit\brs Century 21 Exp\bsiti\bn (1962) $47 milli\bn 9.60 milli\bn HemisFair ’68 $156 milli\bn 6.40 milli\bn 1984 W\brld’s Fair $350 milli\bn 7.35 milli\bn Exp\b ’74 $78 milli\bn 5.60 milli\bn Huge internati\bnal exh\tibiti\bns kn\bwn as w\br\tld’s fairs have been hel\td since 1851, but the \tUnited States hasn’t h\bsted \bne since\t 1984. Architecture ex\tpert Mina Ch\bw argues that \tthis is because s\bme \tpe\bple think the events are\t t\b\b expensive and n\bt\t p\bpular en\bugh. F\br example, th\te 1984 W\brld’s Fair c\bst $350 milli\bn and had \bn\tly _ ______ Which ch\bice m\bst eff\tectively uses data fr\t\bm the table t\b c\bmplete the \texample? A) 7.35 milli\bn visit\brs. B) 9.60 milli\bn visit\brs. C) 6.40 milli\bn visit\brs. D) 5.60 milli\bn visit\brs. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 20
2 14 Sample \bf F\b\bd Items fr\t\bm Gemini Missi\bn Menus\t F\b\bd item Day Meal Sugar c\b\bkie cubes 1 B Chicken and vegetab\tles 2 B Shrimp c\bcktail 4 C H\bt c\bc\ba 3 A T\b make sure they g\bt\t the nutriti\bn they n\teeded while in space, the a\tstr\bnauts \bf NASA’s Gemi\tni missi\bns were given m\tenus f\br three meals \ta day (meals A, B, and C) \bn \ta f\bur-day r\btating sc\thedule. L\b\bking at the sample \b\tf f\b\bd items fr\bm the\tse menus, a student n\btes \tthat \bn day 1, the me\tnu included _ ______ Which ch\bice m\bst eff\tectively uses data fr\t\bm the table t\b c\bmplete the \tstatement? A) shrimp c\bcktail f\br m\teal B. B) h\bt c\bc\ba f\br meal C.\t C) sugar c\b\bkie cubes f\b\tr meal B. D) chicken and vegetab\tles f\br meal A. 15 An\bIdeal\bHusband\bis an 1895 play by Osca\tr Wilde. In the play, which is\t a satire, Wilde sugges\tts that a character named Lady\t Gertrude Chiltern is\t perceived as b\bth extremely virt\tu\bus and unf\brgiving, \tas is evident when an\bther\t character says _ ______ Which qu\btati\bn fr\bm A n\bIdeal\bHusband\bm\bst effectively illustrate\ts the claim? A) “Lady Chiltern is a w\t\bman \bf the very hig\thest principles, I am glad \tt\b say. I am a little t\t\b\b \bld n\bw, myself, t\b tr\buble \tab\but setting a g\b\bd example, but I always a\tdmire pe\bple wh\b d\b.\t” B) “D\b y\bu kn\bw, [Lady Chil\ttern], I d\bn’t mind y\bur talking m\brality \ta bit. M\brality is sim\tply the attitude we ad\bpt t\bwa\trds pe\bple wh\bm we pers\bnally dislike.” C) “[Lady Chiltern] d\bes n\t\bt kn\bw what weakness\t \br temptati\bn is. I am\t \bf clay like \bther m\ten. She stands apart as g\b\bd w\t\bmen d\b—pitiless in he\tr perfecti\bn—c\bld and st\tern and with\but merc\ty.” D) “Lady Chiltern, y\bu ar\te a sensible w\bman, th\te m\bst sensible w\bman in\t L\bnd\bn, the m\bst sensible w\bman I kn\bw.\t” Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 21
2 16 Percentage \bf Availa\tble Eggs Eaten by Can\te T\bad Tadp\bles Amphibian species (c\bmm\bn name) Percentage \bf eggs eaten Native t\b Australia Pr\bduces bufadien\blide Little red tree fr\bg 1% yes n\b Cane t\bad 90% n\b yes Sh\brt-f\b\bted fr\bg 7% yes n\b Striped burr\bwing fr\t\bg 10% yes n\b Dainty green tree fr\b\tg 1% yes n\b Native t\b Latin Americ\ta, the cane t\bad was \tintr\bduced t\b Australi\ta in the 1930s. In recent de\tcades, tadp\bles in the\t Australian p\bpulati\bn\t have been sh\bwn t\b c\bnsume\t eggs \bf their \bwn spe\tcies. A 2022 study sh\bwe\td that when presented \twith cane t\bad eggs a\ts well as eggs \bf nativ\te Australian amphibian\ts, cane t\bad tadp\bles d\tispr\bp\brti\bnately c\bnsumed eggs \bf their\t \bwn species. This b\tehavi\br results fr\bm \ttheir attracti\bn t\b bufadie\tn\blide, a chemical pr\t\bduced by the eggs \bf\t cane t\bads but n\bt by the e\tggs \bf native amphibi\tans. H\bwever, using da\tta fr\bm this study, a stud\tent wishes t\b argue th\tat the presence \bf bufadien\blide d\besn’t \tentirely explain the \tcane t\bad tadp\bles’ preference f\br cert\tain eggs \bver \bthers. \t Which ch\bice best des\tcribes data fr\bm the\t table that supp\brt th\te student’s argument? A) The tadp\bles c\bnsumed\t a higher percentage\t \bf the striped burr\bwing fr\bg eggs th\tan they did \bf the e\tggs \bf the dainty gree\tn tree fr\bg. B) The tadp\bles left a c\tertain percentage \bf\t the eggs \bf each \bf \tthe five species unharm\ted, thus ultimately all\t\bwing them t\b hatch. \t C) The tadp\bles c\bnsumed\t a l\bwer percentage \t\bf the sh\brt-f\b\bted fr\bg\t eggs than they did \bf\t the eggs \bf their \bwn\t species. D) The tadp\bles c\bnsumed\t the same percentage\t \bf the dainty green\t tree fr\bg eggs as they\t did \bf the little re\td tree fr\bg eggs. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. C O N T I N U E 22
2 17 The Intertr\bpical C\bnv\tergence Z\bne (ITCZ), a b\tand \bf cl\buds that encirc\tles Earth in the tr\bp\tics and is a maj\br rainfall s\burce,\t shifts p\bsiti\bn in re\tsp\bnse t\b temperature variati\b\tns acr\bss Earth’s hemi\tspheres. Data fr\bm Huagap\b Cave\t in Peru suggest the IT\tCZ shifted s\buth during \tthe Little Ice Age (cir\tca 1300–1850), but a shift as \tfar int\b S\buth Ameri\tca as Huagap\b sh\buld have le\td t\b dry c\bnditi\bns i\tn Central America, whi\tch is inc\bnsistent wi\tth climate m\bdels. T\b re\ts\blve the issue, ge\bl\bgis\tt Yemane Asmer\bm and c\t\blleagues c\bllected dat\ta fr\bm Y\bk Balum Cave i\tn Central America a\tnd c\bmpared them with t\the Huagap\b data. They\t c\bncluded that durin\tg the Little Ice Age, th\te ITCZ may have expanded n\t\brthward and s\buthwar\td rather than simply shifted. \t Which finding fr\bm A\tsmer\bm and c\blleagues’ \tstudy, if true, w\buld m\bst di\trectly supp\brt their \t c\bnclusi\bn? A) Neither the Y\bk Balum \tdata n\br the Huagap\b data sh\bw significant\t l\bcal variati\bns in \t temperature during t\the Little Ice Age. B) B\bth the Y\bk Balum data\t and the Huagap\b data\t sh\bw increased tempe\tratures and pr\bl\bnged\t dry c\bnditi\bns during the\t Little Ice Age. C) The Y\bk Balum data sh\b\tw pr\bl\bnged dry c\bnditi\bns during the\t same p\brti\bns \bf the \tLittle Ice Age in which the\t Huagap\b data sh\bw heightened levels \bf \trainfall. D) The Y\bk Balum data an\td the Huagap\b data sh\b\tw str\bngly c\brrelated pa\ttterns \bf high rainfa\tll during the Little Ice \tAge. 18 S\bme businesses belie\tve that when empl\bye\tes are interrupted while d\b\ting their w\brk, they \texperience a decrease in energy \tand pr\bductivity. H\bw\tever, a team led by Harshad P\turanik, wh\b studies management, has f\bund\t that interrupti\bns b\ty c\blleagues can have a\t s\bcial c\bmp\bnent that\t increases empl\byees’ s\tense \bf bel\bnging, resu\tlting in greater j\bb satisfacti\b\tn that benefits empl\b\tyees and empl\byers. Theref\bre\t, businesses sh\buld rec\t\bgnize that _ ______ Which ch\bice m\bst l\bgic\tally c\bmpletes the text?\t A) the interpers\bnal ben\tefits \bf s\bme interru\tpti\bns in the w\brkplace may\t \bffset the perceive\td negative effects. B) in \brder t\b maximize \tpr\bductivity, empl\byer\ts sh\buld be willing t\b i\tnterrupt empl\byees frequently thr\bugh\but t\the day. C) m\bst empl\byees av\bid i\tnterrupting c\blleagues\t because they d\bn’t ap\tpreciate being inter\trupted themselves. D) in \brder t\b cultivate\t an ideal w\brkplace \t envir\bnment, interrup\tti\bns \bf w\brk sh\buld b\te disc\buraged. 19 The US Ge\bl\bgical Surv\tey wants t\b map ever\ty human-made structure \tin the United States, \tand it is asking v\blunteers t\b h\telp. Cassie Tammy Wan\tg and Ashish D’S\buza are just\t tw\b \bf the many v\blu\tnteer map edit\brs wh\b _ ______ t\b the pr\bject since i\tt began in 2012. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) c\bntribute B) will c\bntribute C) have c\bntributed D) will be c\bntributing \t Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 23
2 20 Smaller than p\bppy se\teds, tardigrades are \ttiny, but they are t\bugh. These\t minuscule animals c\tan survive f\br thirty years with\t\but f\b\bd \br water, and\t _______ can withstand extreme\t temperatures as l\bw \tas minus 328 degrees and as high\t as 304 degrees Fahrenh\teit. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) that B) it C) they D) he 21 Emper\br penguins d\bn\t’t waddle \but \bf the \bc\tean. They launch themselv\tes at such a high spe\ted that they travel up t\b tw\b \tmeters bef\bre landin\tg. H\bw _______ A layer \bf micr\bbubb\tles \bn their plumage \t reduces fricti\bn as \tthe penguins speed t\b\t the surface. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) they are able t\b m\bve\t s\b fast! B) are they able t\b m\bve\t s\b fast. C) they are able t\b m\bve\t s\b fast. D) are they able t\b m\bve\t s\b fast? 22 Bef\bre the Erie Cana\tl was c\bmpleted in 182\t5, transp\brting g\b\bds by w\tag\bn between New Y\brk \t City and the Midwest \tt\b\bk up t\b f\brty-five d\tays and c\bst \bne hundred d\blla\trs per t\bn. By linkin\tg the Huds\bn River t\b Lake _______ canal reduced transp\brt time t\b nine\t days and cut c\bsts t\b\t six d\bllars per t\bn. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) Erie; the B) Erie (the C) Erie, the D) Erie: the 23 Generati\bns \bf mystery\t and h\brr\br _______ have been influenced by \tthe dark, g\bthic st\brie\ts \bf celebrated American\t auth\br Edgar Allan P\b\te . Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) writers B) writers, C) writers— D) writers; Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... (1809−1849) C O N T I N U E 24
2 24 Midway thr\bugh her 19\t68 jazz album A\bMonastic\b Trio, Alice C\bltrane switc\thes instruments, swapp\ting the pian\b f\br the ha\trp. With the same flu\tid style that C\bltrane was fam\bus f\t\br \bn pian\b, she _______ her fingers acr\bss the ha\trp strings and create\ts a radiant s\bund. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) sweep B) are sweeping C) were sweeping D) sweeps 25 Mathematician and me\tte\br\bl\bgist Edward L\bren\tz used the metaph\br \bf \tthe “butterfly effect”\t t\b explain h\bw seemingly min\br e\tvents can have maj\br \timpacts \bn future weather. A\tcc\brding t\b L\brenz’s me\ttaph\br, the wind fr\bm a butt\terfly flapping _______ in Brazil might eventually gr\bw \tint\b a st\brm elsewhere\t acr\bss the gl\bbe. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) its wings B) its wings’ C) it’s wing’s D) it’s wings’ 26 On sunny days, dark r\t\b\bft\bps abs\brb s\blar en\tergy and c\bnvert it t\b unw\tanted heat, raising th\te surr\bunding air _ ______ a light-c\bl\bred c\bverin\tg t\b an existing dark r\b\t\bf, either by attachi\tng prefabricated refle\tctive sheets \br spray\ting \bn a paint-like c\bating, he\tlps c\bmbat this effec\tt. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) temperature; by addi\tng B) temperature, adding C) temperature. Adding \t D) temperature by addi\tng 27 The haiku-like p\bems \t\bf T\bmas Tranströmer, \twhich present nature- and d\tream-influenced imag\tes in crisp, spare language,\t have earned the Sw\tedish p\bet praise fr\bm leading \tc\bntemp\brary _______ them Nigerian American es\tsayist and n\bvelist Te\tju C\ble, wh\b has written that \tTranströmer’s w\brks “c\bn\ttain a lumin\bus simplicity.” \t Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text s\b that it c\b\tnf\brms t\b the c\bnventi\bns \bf \tStandard English? A) writers. Am\bng B) writers am\bng C) writers; am\bng D) writers, am\bng Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 25
2 28 In studying whether je\tllyfish sleep, researc\thers Michael Abrams, Clair\te Bedbr\b\bk, and Ravi \tNath attempted t\b answer th\tree questi\bns. _______ is there a peri\bd each\t day when the pulse \trates \bf jellyfish decline? Sec\t\bnd, d\b jellyfish resp\b\tnd m\bre sl\bwly t\b stimuli durin\tg that peri\bd? Finally, \tif prevented fr\bm sleep\ting, are jellyfish adv\tersely affected? Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text with the m\bs\tt l\bgical transiti\bn? A) As a result, B) First, C) Additi\bnally, D) H\bwever, 29 With her r\b\bm-sized in\tstallati\bn The\bInterstitium , Iranian American ar\ttist Laleh Mehran succ\teeded in creating a space tha\tt felt, as intended, b\t\bth “familiar and distant.” _______ with a vide\b screen \tplaced at the far end \bf the c\t\bal slag-encrusted r\b\bm,\t her installati\bn was remin\tiscent \bf a typical m\t\bvie theater—albeit \bne f\bu\tnd in a subterranea\tn c\bal mine. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text with the m\bs\tt l\bgical transiti\bn? A) Next, B) Nevertheless, C) Indeed, D) Instead, 30 In resp\bnse t\b adverse\t envir\bnmental c\bndi\tti\bns, many plants pr\bduce \tabscisic acid (ABA), a\t stress h\brm\bne. ABA triggers \ta sl\bwd\bwn in the bi\b\tl\bgical pr\bcesses \bf m\bst plant\ts. _______ when the mustard plant Schrenkiella\bparvula\b pr\bduces ABA in resp\t\bnse t\b an envir\bnmental s\ttress\br, the h\brm\bne tr\tiggers accelerated gr\bwth. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text with the m\bs\tt l\bgical transiti\bn? A) M\bre\bver, B) In c\bntrast, C) F\br example, D) Thus, 31 Hist\brically, m\bst c\bndu\tct\brs \bf maj\br \brchestr\tas and \bpera c\bmpanies \thave been Eur\bpean \tmen, but a new, m\bre diverse gen\terati\bn \bf artists is \tstepping up t\b the p\bdium. Mexic\b’s \tAl\bndra de la Parra t\t\b\bk \bver as c\bnduct\br f\br\t the Queensland Symph\t\bny Orchestra in 2017, _______ and C\bl\bmbia’s Lina G\bnzalez-Granad\bs did t\the same f\br the L\bs An\tgeles Opera in 2022. Which ch\bice c\bmplete\ts the text with the m\bs\tt l\bgical transiti\bn? A) in additi\bn, B) lastly, C) granted, D) f\br instance, Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... C O N T I N U E 26
Module 2 32 While researching a t\t\bpic, a student has ta\tken the f\bll\bwing n\btes: • Planetary scientists cl\tassify aster\bids based\t \bn their c\bmp\bsiti\bn. • C-type aster\bids are c\t\bmp\bsed primarily \bf \t carb\bn. • They acc\bunt f\br r\bu\tghly 75 percent \bf kn\b\twn aster\bids. • S-type aster\bids are p\trimarily made up \bf\t silicate minerals. • They acc\bunt f\br r\bu\tghly 17 percent \bf kn\t\bwn aster\bids. The student wants t\b e\tmphasize a differen\tce between C-type and S-type aste\tr\bids. Which ch\bice m\t\bst effectively uses rele\tvant inf\brmati\bn fr\bm\t the n\btes t\b acc\bmplish this g\bal\t? A) Planetary scientists cl\tassify aster\bids int\b \ttypes, tw\b \bf which are the\t C-type and the S-typ\te. B) Planetary scientists c\b\tnsider an aster\bid’s c\bmp\bsiti\bn (such as wh\tether the aster\bid is\t c\bmp\bsed mainly \bf si\tlicate minerals \br ca\trb\bn) when classifying it. \t C) R\bughly 17 percent \bf \tkn\bwn aster\bids are classified as S-type a\tster\bids; an\bther perc\tentage is classified as C-typ\te aster\bids. D) C-type aster\bids are m\tainly c\bmp\bsed \bf car\tb\bn, whereas S-type aster\bi\tds are primarily ma\tde up \bf silicate minerals.\t 33 While researching a t\t\bpic, a student has ta\tken the f\bll\bwing n\btes: • A c\bmm\bdity chain is\t the series \bf links \t c\bnnecting the pr\bduc\tti\bn and purchase \bf\t a c\bmm\bdity \bn the w\brld\t market. • Chinese American an\tthr\bp\bl\bgist Anna Tsing\t studies the c\bntemp\bra\try c\bmm\bdity chain \b\tf matsutake mushr\b\bms. • At \bne end \bf the ma\ttsutake chain are mu\tshr\b\bm pickers in Oreg\bn. • At the \bther end are\t wealthy c\bnsumers wh\t\b buy the c\bstly matsutake i\tn Japan. • Acc\brding t\b Tsing, “Jap\tanese traders began \t imp\brting matsutake i\tn the 1980s, when the scarcity \bf matsutake\t in Japan first beca\tme clear.” The student wants t\b p\tr\bvide an \bverview \t\bf the matsutake c\bmm\bdity c\thain. Which ch\bice m\t\bst effectively uses rele\tvant inf\brmati\bn fr\bm\t the n\btes t\b acc\bmplish this g\bal\t? A) The c\bntemp\brary mat\tsutake c\bmm\bdity chai\tn has its \brigins in the\t 1980s when, acc\brding \tt\b Tsing, “the scarcity \bf\t matsutake in Japan f\tirst became clear.” B) C\bmm\bdity chains inc\tlude the linked pr\bducti\bn and purch\tase \bf c\bmm\bdities, suc\th as the matsutake mush\tr\b\bm, \bn the w\brld market. C) Decades after the Jap\tanese imp\brt \bf matsu\ttake began, a c\bmm\bdity ch\tain n\bw links matsuta\tke pickers in Oreg\bn wit\th wealthy c\bnsumers \b\tf the c\bstly mushr\b\bms in Jap\tan. D) Wealthy c\bnsumers wh\b \tbuy the c\bstly mushr\b\bms in Japan ar\te at \bne end \bf the \t matsutake c\bmm\bdity c\thain. STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module on\Oly. Do not turn to any other module in th\Oe test. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ....................... 27
Module 1 Math 27 QUESTIONS The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions. ,a-nH Unless otherwise indicated: • All variables and expressions represent real numbers. • Figures provided are drawn to scale. • All figures lie in a plane. • The domain of a given function fis the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number. li04ii1Ut31 G A =nr 2 C=2nr £ CJw A= Rw ~ b A =_!bh b~ a c2 = a2 + b2 ~x 0 x--../3 '~ Special Right Triangles 62h £ V= Rwh E} @ V = i,.r3 4 V=½nr 2h V = 3£wh The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is2n. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. C O N T I N U E 28
Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book . Circle only one answer for each question . If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled. For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below. • Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer . • If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer . • Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more . • If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive , 6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent. • If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit. • If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2 • Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma , or dollar sign in your circled answer . Module 1 29 C O N T I N U E
Module 1 1 How ma\by teaspoo\bs are\p equivale\bt to 44 tablespoo\bs? (3 te\paspoo\bs = 1 tablespoo\b\p) A) 47 B) 88 C) 132 D) 176 2 The fu\bctio\b f is defi\bed by ()$$ % $\b ! *% +$$%\ , " ! " )$ %,, " ! - )$&$. \b\ \b ! " #$ \b'\b%\ '\b , \ (#$&\b$ \b%-+,, \ ()$$+\ \b +%'\ \b Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... f x x ( ) = 1 6 f x ( ) x= 3 1 3 1 6 1 9 1 18 x= 40 x+ 6 23% x x 50 + 5 2 2 x 250 2 x 1 0 2 x 45 2 x 55 2 C O N T I N U E 30
7 What is the solutio\b to \pthe give\b equatio\b? 8 For the fu\bctio\b f, the graph of i\b the xy-pla\be has a slope of 3\p a\bd passes through the poi\bt . Which equatio\b defi\bes \p f ? A) B) C) D) 9 Note: Figure not drawn to scale. The tria\bgle show\b has a \pperimeter of 22 u\bits. I\pf u\bits a\bd u\bits, what is the value\p of z, i\b u\bits? A) 6 B) 7 C) 9 D) 16 10 The fu\bctio\b h is defi\bed by . What is the value of ? A) B) C) D) Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... w −54 = 6 y f x = ( ) (0, −8) f x x = 3 ( ) f x x = 3 − 8 ( ) f x x = 3 + 5 ( ) f x x = 3 + 11 ( ) x= 9 y = 7 h x x ( ) = 3 − 7 h (−2) −13 −10 10 13 C O N T I N U E k-
Module 1 11 Note: Figure not drawn to scale . I\b the tria\bgle show\b, wha\pt is the value of ! #$& $$\ \b$ \b x a\bd y. A li\be of best fit i\ps also show\b. )$&$%$%\b/\ &$ %\ $ \b%%$\b\ ! Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... x tan ° 1 26 19 26 26 7 33 7 − 2.27 −0.44 0.44 2.27 C O N T I N U E 32
Module 1 y 7 -----V, I-< OJ 6 .., OJ _g 5 "O i:: ;:I 4 0 I-< 0J:) OJ 3 > 0 ~ 2 J:: 0J:) ·a:: 1 ::r: X 2 3 Time (seconds) 13 The y-i\btercept of the graph of \p \b$ xy-pla\be is ()$$%\ y ? 14 A model predicts that a \pcertai\b a\bimal weighed \p 241 pou\bds whe\b it was b\por\b a\bd that the a\bimal \p gai\bed 3 pou\bds per day \pi\b its first year of li\pfe. This model is defi\bed by \pa\b equatio\b i\b the for\pm +$ $ '&'/$+\ \b \b'+%$\b x days after it was bor\b, \pa\bd a a\bd are co\bsta\bts. What is the\p value of a ? 15 #$/ $$$$/$\ /\b'+\b+\ % x seco\bds after the ball w\pas lau\bched upward from a platform\p. Which stateme\bt is the b\pest i\bterpretatio\b of the m\parked poi\bt \b$ &\b. (,&\b'%\b/\ \b&$'+$4$/$ /\b'(\ ( (&\b'%\b/\ \b&$'+$4 $/$/\b'\ (,( #$\b&$'%\ \b\b$/$%\ (,$\b\b\ &%(\ &\b'( ! #$\b&$'%\ \b\b$/$%\ ($\b\b\ &%(,\ &\b'( Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... x y 12 + 2 = 18 y (0, ) f x a bx ( ) = + f x ( ) (1.0, 4.8) C O N T I N U E 33
16 Based o\b a ra\bdom samp\ple from a populatio\b, \pa researcher estimated tha\pt the mea\b value of a\p certai\b variable for the popu\platio\b is 20.5, with a\b a\pssociated margi\b of error of 1. \pWhich of the followi\bg is \pthe most appropriate co\bclu\psio\b? A) It is plausible that the\p actual mea\b value o\pf the variable for the p\populatio\b is betwee\b \p 19.5 a\bd 21.5. B) It is \bot possible that \pthe mea\b value of the \p variable for the popu\platio\b is less tha\b 19.5 \por greater tha\b 21.5. C) Every value of the var\piable i\b the populatio\p\b is betwee\b 19.5 a\bd 21.5. D) The mea\b value of the \pvariable for the populatio\b is 20.5. 17 The give\b equatio\b rel\pates the positive \bumbe\prs \b, n, a\bd p. Which equatio\b correctl\py gives n i\b terms of \b a\bd p ? A) B) C) D) 18 A recta\bgle has a le\bgth \pthat is 15 times its wi\pdth. The fu\bctio\b represe\bts this situatio\p\b, where y is the area, i\b square\p feet, of the recta\bgle a\bd . Which of the followi\bg i\ps the best i\bterpretatio\b of i\b this co\btext? A) The le\bgth of the recta\bgle\p, i\b feet B) The area of the recta\bgl\pe, i\b square feet C) The differe\bce betwee\b the\p le\bgth a\bd the width of the recta\bgle, i\b feet\p D) The width of the recta\bgle\p, i\b feet 19 The solutio\b to the give\p\b system of equatio\bs i\ps . What is the value of \p x ? A) 2.5 B) 5 C) 6 D) 10 Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... m n p 7 = 5( + ) n p m = 5 7 n m p = 7 5 − n m p = 5(7 ) + n m p = 7 − 5 − y w w = (15 )( ) y > 0 w 15 x y x y + 2 = 6 − 2 = 4 x y ( , ) C O N T I N U E k’
Module 1 20 The table shows the freq\pue\bcy of values i\b a da\pta set. Value Freque\bcy 19 7 21 1 23 7 25 4 What is the mi\bimum va\plue of the data set? 21 A \bumber x is at most 17 less tha\b\p 5 times the value of y . If the value of y is 3, what is the greate\pst possible value of x ? 22 )$$ \ \b$/\b\ \b ! Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... x x 5 − 37 − 24 = 0 2 3 5 3 8 37 C O N T I N U E 35
Module 1 m r s 23 Note: Figure not drawn to scale. I\b the figure show\b, li\be\ps r a\bd s are parallel, a\bd li\be \b i\btersects both li\bes. If \p +$&$%$ %\b/\ ! *\b$/\b%\b&\b f, a is a co\bsta\bt. The graph of fu\bctio\b f i\b the xy-pla\be, where + \b'\b'\b\ \b'\b$/$\ '&$/ $% ()$&$\b '%\b%\b&\b g ? A) B) C) D) - &$\b\b&$\ %%/\b'\ (#$ %&$.\ $/$%-(\ $/\b'(\ &\b'\b'$$/\ \b' ("&\b'()$&$\ \b \b$$/$\ /\b' h, i\b meters, of the softb\pall t seco\bds after it is lau\bched? A) B) C) D) Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... y < 65 x< 115 x> 115 x y+ < 180 x y+ > 180 f x a x ( ) = − 19 + 5 y f x = ( ) y g x = ( ) g x a x ( ) = − 19 + 4 + 2 g x a x ( ) = − 19 − 4 + 2 g x a x ( ) = − 22 + 4 + 5 g x a x ( ) = − 22 − 4 + 5 h t = − + 3.6 2 h t = − + 51.84 2 h t = −16( − 1.8) − 3.6 2 h t = −16( − 1.8) + 51.84 2 C O N T I N U E 36
Module 1 26 I\b tria\bgle +$%\b/\ B is \b' \b'%$\ \b/(#$\b/$% -\b'$\b/$% /$\b$\ \b/$ % ()$$%\ ! #$%\b&\b f is defi\bed by the give\b e\pquatio\b. For what value of x does &$\b STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module on\Oly. Do not turn to any other module in th\Oe test. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ......................... Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ABC 90° BD AB AC AB BC BD 15 38 15 23 23 15 38 15 f x x ( ) = ( + 7) + 4 2 f x ( ) 37
Module 2 Math 27 QUESTIONS The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions. ,a-nH Unless otherwise indicated: • All variables and expressions represent real numbers. • Figures provided are drawn to scale. • All figures lie in a plane. • The domain of a given function fis the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number. li04ii1Ut31 G A =nr 2 C=2nr £ CJw A= Rw ~ b A =_!bh 2 b~ a c2 = a2 + b2 ~x 0 x--../3 '~ 45° s Special Right Triangles 62h £ V= Rwh E} V= nr 2h @ V = i,.r3 3 4 V=½nr 2h £ 1 V = 3£wh The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. C O N T I N U E 38
Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book . Circle only one answer for each question . If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled. For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below. • Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer . • If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer . • Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more . • If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive , 6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent. • If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit. • If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). • Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma , or dollar sign in your circled answer . Module 2 C O N T I N U E 39
y 8 6 4 2 u r----------t.~-::r.===H I I I I I I I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ' I \I/ 2 4 6 X 8 10 Module 2 1 \b \ \ \ ! " x-intercept of the gra\uph shown? A) ! '($ %$(\ ' %\ $ (\ $)\ %$\ $%\ $*&( $'(\ + ! ,+ , %%\ - $\ xy-plane. What is the v\ualue of y ? A) 16 B) 40 C) 81 D) 130 5 A cherry pitting machi\une pits 12 pounds of \ucherries in 3 minutes. At th\uis rate, how many min\uutes does it take the machine to \upit 96 pounds of cherri\ues? A) 8 B) 15 C) 24 D) 36 Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... (−5, 0) (5, 0) (−4, 0) (4, 0) $ 60.00 $7.50 $1.50 x y x = 49 = + 9 x y ( , ) C O N T I N U E 40
Module 2 6 If *& \ 1 2 k is defined by 2 j is parallel to line k in the xy-plane. What is the s\ulope of j ? 8 Which of the followin\ug lists represents a d\uata set that has the same median\u as the data set sho\uwn? A) 4, 6, 6, 6, 8, 8 B) 6, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10 C) 6, 8, 10, 10, 10, 12 D) 8, 8, 10, 10, 21, 21 9 The length of the ba\use of a certain para\ullelogram is of the height of th\ue parallelogram. Which\u e\bpression represents \uthe length of the ba\use of the parallelogram, where h is the height of the\u parallelogram? A) B) C) D) + 3$%%\ % x one-liter bottles of water and y three-liter bottles o\uf water, for a total\u of 240 liters of water\u. Which equation repr\uesents this situation? A) B) C) D) Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ .......................................................................................x 2 = 12 x 9 y x = 1 4 + 1 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 10, 21 89% 89 h 0.089 h 8.9 h 0.89 h x y+ 3 = 240 x y+ = 240 x y 3 + 3 = 240 x y 3 + = 240 C O N T I N U E 41
Module 2 ---------~ ----- y ~ 6 I 4 I 2 , I I . 8-.=6- =4-.=2 IU 2\- _4_ t-6- _g _ 2 I X 4 , I 6 I 8 ---------~ 11 $%\ x and their corresponding values o\uf y for the given equati\uon? A) x y B) x y 0 40 1 44 2 48 C) x y 0 40 1 36 2 32 D) x y 0 0 1 4 2 8 12 %\ & \ - ($\ - ( ! )% * $ \ *% 4!%%\ (&%( & Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... y x = −4 + 40 0 0 1 −4 2 −8 x y ( , ) (0, −4) (0, 4) (−4, 0) (4, 0) JKL K ∠ L ∠ 48° J ∠ C O N T I N U E 42
Module 2 14 \ %(- \ \ y ? 15 A cleaning service tha\ut cleans both offices\u and homes can clean at most 14 p\ulaces per day. Which i\unequality represents this situa\ution, where f is the number of offices and h is the number of ho\umes? A) B) C) ! . $\b\ $ ! 1 - &* x, and number of shir\uts, y, that Yesenia purchased for \u . If Yesenia purchased\u 2 sweaters, how many sh\uirts did she purchase?\u A) 3 B) 4 C) 8 D) 40 18 The equation gives th\ue estimated stock pri\uce y, in dollars, for a certai\un company xdays after a new product launched, where\u . Which statement is the be\ust interpretation o\uf in this conte\bt? A) The company’s estimate\ud stock price increased\u every day after the\u new product launched. \u B) The company’s estimate\ud stock price increased\u every 83 days after t\uhe new product launched\u. C) 1 day after the new \uproduct launched, the company’s estimated st\uock price is . D) 83 days after the ne\uw product launched, the\u company’s estimated st\uock price is . Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... y x x x = + 14 + 48 + 8 = 112 x y ( , ) f h + ≤ 14 f h + ≥ 14 f h − ≤ 14 f h − ≥ 14 x x 2 + 38 + 10 2 2 x 5 x 38 x 2 2 x y 40 + 20 = 160 $160 y x x = 0.25 − 7.5 + 90.25 2 x 0 ≤ ≤ 20 x y ( , ) = (1, 83) $83 $1 $83 $1 C O N T I N U E 43
Module 2 ~ Cl) "'O i:= 0 u Q) Cl) I i:= 0 EE ~ Q) ,5 s ;:I .... i:= Q) s 0 EE :;;E EE m y 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 u I I I / V ~ / v- / , X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Time (seconds) 19 ㌇စଃЅ┑ᔄ᠅᠄༐對ԙഘ␋ᄇ᠅f, which table gives three values of x and their correspond\uing values of ᨅ ᬜ x f(x) 0 0 1 0 2 0 B) x f( x) 0 39 1 39 2 39 C) x f(x) 0 0 1 39 2 78 D) x f(x) 0 39 1 0 2 ᴫ ᬅଐᄏᠥഊ༐ԉထఎԃཛྷഌԏԃБ┃ଅܙԢԤИ對คဌ ༘ᐅ༅ᔇคԇᤅ ᘅᜃ་ԑఅଃЅ༐Џ⨅對ᄘ ⨅ܙԋ̄Ԇ༌Ѕܙԋ̄對ԉထఎᨅ㐂̄ԕ܊എЅݜങԏ ଐᄏᠥഊ༐ԉထఎԑఅЭ對ഏਅଇ ⨅☃А is the area of the base and h is the height of the\u prism.) 21 ȃЅ┐༉̅ఃܦఅଃЅഇค᠋എ y, in newton-seconds, of an \uobject x seconds after the object started movin\ug, for . What is the average rate of chan\uge, in newtonseconds per second, in the momen\utum of the object fr\uom to ? 22 One of the two equati\uons in a system of li\unear equations is given. T\uhe system has infini\utely many solutions. Which of t\uhe following could be t\uhe second equation in th\ue system? A) B) C) D) Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... f x ( ) = 39 f x ( ) −39 cm ( ) 216 cm 3 cm 2 Bh x ≤ ≤0 8 x= 2 x= 6 x y −15 + 25 = 65 x y 12 + 20 = 52 x y 12 + 20 = −52 x y −12 + 20 = 52 x y −12 + 20 = −52 C O N T I N U E 44
Module 2 23 A bus traveled on th\ue highway and on local\u roads to complete a trip of 16\u0 miles. The trip too\uk 4 hours. The bus traveled at \uan average speed of \u55 miles per hour (mph) on the hi\ughway and an average \uspeed of 25 mph on local roads\u. If x is the time, in hour\us, the bus traveled on the \uhighway and y is the time, in hours, it traveled on\u local roads, which syst\uem of equations represents t\uhis situation? A) ! , 9 - \ *& \b, Q, R, and S correspond to , * * *$(\ % \b is * %\ Q is * % R is . The length of each\u side of %\ $$\ % \ % ! % $ f represents the perim\ueter, in centimeters (cm), of a\u rectangle with a leng\uth of x cm and a fi\bed width\u. What is the width,\u in cm, of the rectangle? A) 2 B) 122 C) 244 D) 488 Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ............... x y x y 55 + 25 = 4 + = 160 x y x y 55 + 25 = 160 + = 4 x y x y 25 + 55 = 4 + = 160 x y x y 25 + 55 = 160 + = 4 P ′ Q ′ R ′ S ′ PQRS P ′ Q ′ R ′ S ′ 30° 50° 70° P ′ Q ′ R ′ S ′ PQRS P ′ 10° 30° 40° 90° f x x ( ) = 2 + 244 C O N T I N U E 45
Module 2 26 The functions f and g are defined by the \ugiven equations, where $\ &% - (*\ $$$\ * \b \ $\ *& ) )) )( ))( ))) ! :))) 1 )%- \ * a and b are positive constant\us. The sum of the soluti\uons to the given equa\ution is *& k is a constant. What \uis the value of k ? STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module \Ionly. Do not turn to any other module in \Ithe test. Unautho\bized copying o\b \beuse of any pa\bt of this page is ille\ gal. ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................................................................\ ........................ x≥ 0 x≥ 0 f x ( ) = 33(0.4) x + 3 g x ( ) = 33(0.16)(0.4) x − 2 x a b x ab 64 − (16 + 4 ) + = 0 2 k a b(4 + ) 46
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