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9 year 2008 Use 2B or HB pencil only © Curriculum Corporation, on behalf of the Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Af fairs, 20 08. 0:65 Time available for students to complete test: 65 minutes reaDING Nat Io Nal assessme Nt pro Gr am lIter acy a ND Numer acy

© MCEETYA 2008 1 Read A court case in ancient China on page 3 of the magazine and answer questions 1 to 7. 2 3 Shade one bubble. 4 Why did each of the noblemen bring a piece of paper to the court? to show that he was an important man to attract the attention of the judge to fan himself to stay cool to show that he could prove his claims Each nobleman wanted the other man to be imprisoned. the whole of the other man’s property. the judge to explain what was in the papers. some of the other man’s property. The phrase showing the whites of his eyes tells us that Judge Yu closed his eyes to think. opened his eyes wide with anger. narrowed his eyes with suspicion. closed his eyes in disbelief. Judge Yu shook his head angrily . He was angry because he thought that both men were greedy. one man was cheating the other. both men were not listening to him. both men were wealthy. YEAR 9 reading 2

© MCEETYA 2008 5 6 7 Judge Yu handed to each the other’s paper . This meant that the papers had been mixed up by accident. both men would now receive nothing from the prince’s estate. each man now owned what the prince had lef t to the other man. the judge could not reach a decision on the matter. Why did the judge raise his hands af ter swapping the papers? to signal to the men that they should leave the court to express his dislike of the men to express his bewilderment to signal to the court he had made a judgement Why did the noblemen stare perplexedly at the documents in their hands ? They had what they asked for but not what they wanted. They wanted to read the documents they now held. They were shocked by the judge’s rudeness. They were waiting for the judge to explain his decision. Shade one bubble. Continued on next page YEAR 9 reading 3

© MCEETYA 2008 10 According to the text, why were the Easter Island statues made? to display the people’s carving skills to help sailors navigate to protect the island to take advantage of the sof t rock According to the text, we know how widely the Polynesians travelled and settled because they lef t traces of their Lapita pottery. they used sturdy dugout canoes. they created detailed maps. they built gigantic stone statues. Shade one bubble. 8 Tonga and Samoa the easterly Hawaiian islands islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean Indonesia and Malaysia Where did the Polynesians f irst come from? Read Across the Pacific on page 4 of the magazine and answer questions 8 to 13. 9 YEAR 9 reading 4

© MCEETYA 2008 The main purpose of Across the Pacific is to provide information about the variety of Pacif ic islands. the artworks found on Pacif ic islands. early Polynesian navigation techniques. Polynesian settlement of the Pacif ic. 11 The attitude towards the f irst Polynesians suggested by the section Reading the Sea and the Sky is one of caution. neutrality. admiration. criticism. Shade one bubble. Inverted commas are used around reading to show that this word is a quotation. an old-fashioned word. used with a special meaning. particularly important. They navigated incredible distances in sturdy dugout canoes, ‘reading’ changes in the swell of the sea. 13 12 YEAR 9 reading 5

© MCEETYA 2008 Shade one bubble. 15 14 What was Nina concentrating on as she was running along the cliff path? where Isabel was running the blackberries in the bucket how far she was from the house the rockiness of the footpath 16 Read Blackberry picking on page 5 of the magazine and answer questions 14 to 19. YEAR 9 reading 6 The words horrible smoothness (line 4) tell us that there were berries on the ground. the ground looked very close to Nina. there was nothing to stop Nina from sliding. Nina appeared clumsy as she slid. Isabel caught her. Rocks prevented her fall. She landed on a rough slope. She slid sideways. What saved Nina from falling to the bottom of the cliff?

© MCEETYA 2008 18 Shade one bubble. 19 The words And then there was Isabel (near the end of paragraph 4) give the impression that Isabel was the narrator of the story. suddenly interrupted Nina’s thoughts. was a minor character in the narrative. had just found the missing bucket. 17 YEAR 9 reading 7 What made Isabel cry? She realised that Nina might have been seriously hurt. She knew she was in trouble for spilling the blackberries. She had hurt herself when she slid after Nina to try and save her. She was upset at losing Nina’s bucket and seeing her cry. One effect of presenting this account in the first person is that it enables the writer to comment on the scene from a distance. experiment with a different chronological sequence. employ f igurative language to enhance the narrative. offer a deeper insight into one view of the events.

© MCEETYA 2008 22 The tone of Voula’s letter is best described as anxious. nostalgic. enthusiastic. boastful. What does Thomas especially value about Antarctica? its status as the world’s last wilderness its suitability for research by environmental scientists the commitment of tourist operators to preserving its environment the opportunities it offers for supervised visits One of the techniques that Thomas uses in his letter is alerting readers to the dangers of Antarctica. providing readers with expert opinions from scientists. implying that readers who disagree with him are irresponsible. appealing to readers’ concerns about money. On which one of the following points do Voula and Thomas agree? A visit to Antarctica is an experience that no one should miss. Antarctica requires special consideration now and into the future. With proper care and supervision, tourism in Antarctica is safe and enjoyable. Until the present time, Antarctica has been unaffected by visitors. Shade one bubble. 23 24 20 unfair. extravagant. inexpensive. justif iable. Voula thought that the cost of her trip was Read Tourism in Antarctica? on page 6 of the magazine and answer questions 20 to 25. 21 YEAR 9 reading 8

© MCEETYA 2008 Voula’s trip would be likely to disappoint Thomas because it involved tourists leaving rubbish behind. people endangering themselves and others. people wasting money on expensive holidays. tourists intruding on a fragile landscape. 26 27 Australia has many examples of endemism because evolution occurred very rapidly. it has been geographically isolated for a very long time. Australia has a limited range of plant and animal habitats. 80% of Australian animals cannot interbreed. Map 2 shows one species being invaded by another. one species living in two different areas. two new species that have evolved from one species. two species living in two different areas. Read Endemism on page 7 of the magazine and answer questions 26 to 31 Shade one bubble. 28 Map 3 shows that 120 million years ago the climate in Australia had begun to cool. there were four major species evolving in Australia. the land mass of Australia had changed very little over 30 million years. large areas of Australia were covered by ocean. 25 YEAR 9 reading 9

© MCEETYA 2008 Shade one bubble. 29 31 When endemism occurs in a small area, such as on a mountain top, the isolating mechanism is likely to be seasonal. evolutionary. environmental. behavioural. What is the key factor in endemism? evolution interbreeding population control separation 30 Which isolating mechanism is illustrated in the three maps? changes in the coastline difference in mating seasons formation of a mountain range general behavioural change YEAR 9 reading 10

© MCEETYA 2008 32 33 35 36 Read The double life of a slippery axolotl on page 8 of the magazine and answer questions 32 to 36. 34 What is the environmental pressure referred to in the second paragraph? the scarcity of food in the lakes where axolotls live the absence of breeding sites for axolotls in the local environment the lack of a reliable food source in the axolotl’s natural environment the aridity of the land near the lakes where axolotls live What is likely to affect the amount of thyroxin released in an axolotl? differences in its diet sudden increases in body size differences in its physical maturity variations in hours of daylight were different species switch off this biological signal affects a part of the brain called the hypothalamus reach sexual maturity Which of the following expressions is an example of f igurative language? Up until the 1865 exhibition, scientists thought that axolotls and salamanders were members of different species. axolotls were an earlier stage in the development of salamanders. axolotls were incapable of changing outside their natural environment. axolotls and salamanders did not live in the same natural habitat. The effect of using the word So at the beginning of the second paragraph is to shift the reader’s attention to a different topic. signal that the following information picks up from the f irst paragraph. introduce a second argument that is unrelated to the content of the f irst paragraph. draw attention to a current point of view on the subject. Shade one bubble. YEAR 9 reading 11

© MCEETYA 2008 Read Water warning in Angkor ruins on page 9 of the magazine and answer questions 37 to 41. Shade one bubble. According to the Greater Angkor Project research, why did Angkor’s rice-growing economy fail? Irrigation canals clogged up. Monsoonal f looding increased. Destructive rock falls occurred. Rice crops became diseased. The title of the text is Water warning in Angkor ruins . What warning is provided by the Angkor experience? Too much water can lead to the decline of a city. Controlled water supply is essential for a city’s survival. Water management systems can be sabotaged by invasions. Water supply systems can spread disease in cities. The main purpose of this text is to announce the launch of the Greater Angkor Project. examine several theories about why Angkor was abandoned. explain how Angkor engineers constructed water supply structures. report research f indings about the decline of Angkor. According to the text, Angkor’s water system at its peak was able to adapt to changing conditions. over-engineered and costly. complex and eff icient. based on weak design principles. What was the purpose of the two masonry structures mentioned in the text\ ? to manage Angkor’s water supply to protect the Khmer kingdom from invasion to supply water for the Greater Angkor Project to showcase Khmer masonry skills 39 40 38 37 41 YEAR 9 reading 12

© MCEETYA 2008 Shade one bubble. 44 In the first paragraph the reviewer describes Atalay’s book as a devoted work to suggest that the book has been meticulously researched. the topic of the book is intellectually challenging. Atalay approached his subject with a religious fervour. Atalay sought to f latter the memory of da Vinci. One opinion expressed by the reviewer is that the book’s premise is of little interest to people today. the book contradicts modern research f indings in mathematics. the book is a comprehensive catalogue of da Vinci’s scientific work. the book’s cover is not an accurate ref lection of its contents. In Atalay’s judgement da Vinci ranks as the first scientist (paragraph 3) because da Vinci refuted previously held beliefs about science and nature. introduced new insights into nature to the scientific community of his time. used artistic techniques to achieve an understanding of scientific principles. employed the processes of science in conducting his research. 45 43 a masterful reworking of The Da Vinci Code. a less important literary work than The Da Vinci Code. trying to prof it from the success of The Da Vinci Code. presenting a new view of The Da Vinci Code. In the f irst paragraph the phrase, a whiff of opportunism, implies that the book is 42 Read Math and the Mona Lisa on page 10 of the magazine and answer questions 42 to 48. YEAR 9 reading 13

© MCEETYA 2008 48 46 In the phrase a subject’s gaze (paragraph 3), the word subject refers to someone who is featured in a portrait by da Vinci. participating in an intense conversation. choosing a model to pose for a painting. involved in a scientific experiment. In the line Atalay veers off to findings of sophisticated modern research (last paragraph), the reviewer is referring to a change in the research methods Atalay uses. difference of opinion between Atalay and the reviewer. difference in the scientif ic processes used in current research. change in direction in the content of Atalay’s book. to question the validity of the information in the f inal paragraph to share a joke with readers about the confusing information to generalise the f indings of the research to other situations to provide a summary of his views about the research f indings Why does the reviewer end the last paragraph with the word Right ? Shade one bubble. 47 end OF Tes T YEAR 9 reading 14

© MCEETYA 2008 This page is meant to be blank. YEAR 9 reading 15

YEAR 9 reading pRA cticE qu Estions diet. hunting. breeding. habitat. This text is mainly about the Barn Owl’s Read Barn Owls on the back cover of the magazine and answer questions P1 and P2. P1 Shade one bubble. © Curriculum Corporation, on behalf of the Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Af fairs, 20 08. P2 Which word in the text describes the Barn Owl’s hearing? night excellent exceptional inactive