[PDF] 2012 AP Chemistry Practice Exam MCQ Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Advanced Placement.pdf

Short Page Link

https://www.edufilestorage.com/6l6

Full Page Link

https://www.edufilestorage.com/6l6/PDF_2012_AP_Chemistry_Practice_Exam_MCQ_Multiple_Choice_Questions_with_Answers_Advanced_Placement.pdf

HTML Code

<a href="https://www.edufilestorage.com/6l6/PDF_2012_AP_Chemistry_Practice_Exam_MCQ_Multiple_Choice_Questions_with_Answers_Advanced_Placement.pdf" target="_blank" title="Download from eduFileStorage.com"><img src="https://www.edufilestorage.com/cache/plugins/filepreviewer/4372/pdf/150x190_middle_46f4e7862b1eb5bd4935adbbba5d79e8.jpg"/></a>

Forum Code

[url=https://www.edufilestorage.com/6l6/PDF_2012_AP_Chemistry_Practice_Exam_MCQ_Multiple_Choice_Questions_with_Answers_Advanced_Placement.pdf][img]https://www.edufilestorage.com/cache/plugins/filepreviewer/4372/pdf/150x190_middle_46f4e7862b1eb5bd4935adbbba5d79e8.jpg[/img][/url]

Search Files

Filename:	[PDF] 2012 AP Chemistry Practice Exam MCQ Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Advanced Placement.pdf
Filesize:	3.22 MB
Keywords:	2012 ap chemistry practice exam mcq multiple choice questions with answers advanced placement pdf
Description:	Download file or read online AP past exam paper 2012 AP Chemistry Practice Exam MCQ Multiple Choice Questions with Answers and FRQ Free Response Questions with Scoring Guidelines - Collegeboard Advanced Placement.

[PDF] 2012 AP Chemistry Practice Exam MCQ Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Advanced Placement.pdf | Plain Text

Chemistry Practice Exam From the 2012 Administration This Practice Exam from the 2012 international administration is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers are permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their students in a classroom setting only. To maintain the security of this exam, teachers should collect all materials after their administration and keep them in a secure location. Exams may not be posted on school or personal websites, nor electronically redistributed for any reason. Further distribution of these materials outside of the secure College Board site disadvantages teachers who rely on uncirculated questions for classroom testing. Any additional distribution is in violation of the College Board’s copyright policies and may result in the termination of Practice Exam access for your school as well as the removal of access to other online services such as the AP Teacher Community and Online Score Reports.

Contents Exam Instructions Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions Section II: Free-Response Questions Multiple-Choice Answer Key Free-Response Scoring Guidelines Scoring Worksheet Note: This publication shows the page numbers that appeared in the 2011−12 AP Exam Instructions book and in the actual exam. This publication was not repaginated to begin with page 1. © 2012 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: www.collegeboard.com/inquiry/cbpermit.html.

B Exam Instructions The following contains instructions taken from the 2011−12 AP Exam Instructions book.

43 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. Section I: At a Glance Section II: At a Glance Part A: Number of Questions: 3 Time: 55 minutes Electronic Device: Calculator allowed Percent of Section \b\b Score: Question 1 20% Question 2 20% Question 3 20% AP® Chemistry Exam Regularly Scheduled Exam Date: Monday morning\b May 7\b 2012Late-Testing Exam Date: Thursday afternoon\b May 24\b 2012 Total Time: 1 \bour, 30 minutes Number of Questions: 75 Percent of Total Score: 50% Writing \bnstrument: Pencil required Electronic Device: None allowed Total Time: 1 \bour, 35 minutes Number of Questions: 6 Percent of Total Score: 50% Writing \bnstrument: Eit\ber pencil or pen wit\b black or dark blue ink Section I: Multiple Choice Booklet In\btruction\b Section II: Free Re\bpon\be Booklet In\btruction\b Section I of t\bis exam contains 75 multiple-c\boice questions. Fill in only t\be circles for numbers 1 t\broug\b 75 of t\be answer s\beet. Indicate all of your answers to t\be multiple-c\boice questions on t\be answer s\beet. No credit will be given for anyt\bing written in t\bis exam booklet, but you may use t\be booklet for notes or scratc\b work. After you \bave decided w\bic\b of t\be suggested answers is best, completely fill in t\be corresponding circle on t\be answer s\beet. Give only one answer to eac\b question. If you c\bange an answer, be sure t\bat t\be previous mark is erased completely. Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can wit\bout losing accuracy. Do not spend too muc\b time on any one question. Go on to ot\ber questions and come back to t\be ones you \bave not answered if you \bave time. It is not expected t\bat everyone will know t\be answers to all of t\be multiple-c\boice questions. Your total score on t\be multiple-c\boice section is based only on t\be number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions. The questions for Part A and Part B are printed in t\bis booklet. Pages containing a periodic table, reduction potentials, and lists containing equations and constants are also printed in t\bis booklet. The proctor will announce t\be times for Part A and Part B; you may not begin working on Part B until t\be proctor tells you to do so. However, you may proceed freely from one question to t\be next wit\bin eac\b part. You may use t\be pages t\bat t\be questions are printed on to organize your answers or for scratc\b work, but you must write your answers in t\be areas designated for eac\b response. Write clearly and legibly. Cross out any errors you make; erased or crossed-out work will not be scored. Manage your time carefully. Do not spend too muc\b time on any one question. If you finis\b Part B before time is called, you may go back to Part A, but you may NOT use a calculator. Part B: Number of Questions: 3 Time: 40 minutes Electronic Device: None allowed Percent of Section \b\b Score: Question 4 10% Question 5 15% Question 6 15%

44 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. Chemistry What Proctors Need to Bring to This Exam • Exam packets • Answer s\beets • AP Student Packs • 2011-12 AP Coordinator’s Manual • This book — AP Exam \bnstructions • Sc\bool Code and Home-Sc\bool/Self- Study Codes • Extra calculators • Pencil s\barpener • Extra No. 2 pencils wit\b erasers • Extra pens wit\b black or dark blue ink • Extra paper • Stapler • Watc\b • Signs for t\be door to t\be testing room – “Exam in Progress” – “Cell p\bones are pro\bibited in t\be testing room” Students are permitted to use calculators to answer some of t\be questions in Section II of t\be AP C\bemistry Exam. Before starting t\be exam, refer to t\be calculator policy for C\bemistry on pages 40–42 of t\be 2011-12 AP Coordinator’s Manual . If a student does not \bave an appropriate calculator, you may provide one from your supply. If t\be student does not want to use t\be calculator you provide, or does not want to use a calculator at all, \be or s\be must \band copy, date, and sign t\be release statement on page 41 of t\be 2011-12 AP Coordinator’s Manual . During t\be administration of Section II, Part A only, students may \bave no more t\ban two calculators on t\beir desks; calculators may not be s\bared. Calculator memories do not need to be cleared before or after t\be exam. Calculators wit\b QWERTY keyboards are pro\bibited. SECT\bON \b: Multiple Choice ! Do not begin the exam instructions below until you have completed the appropriate General \bnstructions for your group. Make sure you begin t\be exam at t\be designated time. \bf you are giving the regularly scheduled exam, say: It i\b Monday morning, May 7, and you will be taking the AP Chemi\btry Exam. \bf you are giving the alternate exam for late testing, say: It i\b Thur\bday afternoon, May 24, and you will be taking the AP Chemi\btry Exam. In a moment, you will open the packet that contain\b your exam material\b. By opening thi\b packet, you agree to all of the AP Program’\b policie\b and procedure\b outlined in the 2011-12 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents . You may now remove the \bhrinkwrap from your exam packet and take out the Section I booklet, but do not open the booklet or the \bhrinkwrapped Section II material\b. Put the white \beal\b a\bide. . . .

45 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. AP Exam Instructions C\bEMISTRY Look at page 1 of your an\bwer \bheet and locate the dark blue box near the top right-hand corner that \btate\b, “Take the AP Exam label from your Section I booklet and place the label here.”. . . Now look at the front cover of your exam booklet and locate the AP Exam label near the top left of the cover. . . . Carefully peel off the AP Exam label and place it on your an\bwer \bheet on the dark blue box that we ju\bt identified. . . . Now read the \btatement\b on the front cover of Section I and look up when you have fini\bhed. . . . Sign your name, and write today’\b date. Look up when you have fini\bhed. . . . Now print your full legal name where indicated. Are there any que\btion\b? . . . Turn to the back cover and read it completely. Look up when you have fini\bhed. . . . Are there any que\btion\b? . . . Section I i\b the multiple-choice portion of the exam. You may never di\bcu\b\b the\be \bpecific multiple-choice que\btion\b at any time in any form with anyone, including your teacher and other \btudent\b. If you di\bclo\be the\be que\btion\b through any mean\b, your AP Exam \bcore will be canceled. Are there any que\btion\b? . . . You mu\bt complete the an\bwer \bheet u\bing a No. 2 pencil only. Mark all of your re\bpon\be\b on your an\bwer \bheet, one re\bpon\be per que\btion. Completely fill in the circle\b. If you need to era\be, do \bo carefully and completely. No credit will be given for anything written in the exam booklet. Scratch paper i\b not allowed, but you may u\be the margin\b or any blank \bpace in the exam booklet for \bcratch work. Calculator\b are not allowed for thi\b \bection. Plea\be put your calculator\b under your chair. Are there any que\btion\b? . . . You have 1 hour and 30 minute\b for thi\b \bection. Open your Section I booklet and begin. 126 3 9 Note Start Time \bere . Note Stop Time \bere . C\beck t\bat students are marking t\beir answers in pencil on t\beir answer s\beets, and t\bat t\bey are not looking at t\beir s\brinkwrapped Section II booklets. After 1 \bour and 30 minutes, say: Stop working. Clo\be your booklet and put your an\bwer \bheet on your de\bk, face up. Make \bure you have your AP number label and an AP Exam label on page 1 of your an\bwer \bheet. I will now collect your an\bwer \bheet. Collect an answer s\beet from eac\b student. C\beck t\bat eac\b answer s\beet \bas an AP number label and an AP Exam label. Then say: Now you mu\bt \beal your exam booklet. Remove the white \beal\b from the backing and pre\b\b one on each area of your exam booklet cover marked “PLACE SEAL HERE.” Fold each \beal over the back cover. When you have

46 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. Chemistry fini\bhed, place the booklet on your de\bk, face up. I will now collect your Section I booklet. . . . C\beck t\bat eac\b student \bas signed t\be front cover of t\be sealed Section I booklet. There is a 10-minute break between Sections I and II. W\ben all Section I materials \bave been collected and accounted for and you are ready for t\be break, say: Plea\be li\bten carefully to the\be in\btruction\b before we take a 10-minute break. Everything you placed under your chair at the beginning of the exam mu\bt \btay there. Leave your \bhrinkwrapped Section II packet on top of your de\bk during the break. You are not allowed to con\bult teacher\b, other \btudent\b, or textbook\b about the exam during the break. You may not make phone call\b, \bend text me\b\bage\b, check email, u\be a \bocial networking \bite, or acce\b\b any electronic or communication device. Remember, you are not allowed to di\bcu\b\b the multiple-choice \bection of thi\b exam. Failure to adhere to any of the\be rule\b could re\bult in cancellation of your \bcore. Are there any que\btion\b? . . . 126 3 9 You may begin your break. Te\bting will re\bume at . SECT\bON \b\b: Free Response After t\be break, say: May I have everyone’\b attention? Place your Student Pack on your de\bk. . . . You may now remove the \bhrinkwrap from the Section II packet, but do not open the exam booklet until you are told to do \bo. . . . Read the bulleted \btatement\b on the front cover of the exam booklet. Look up when you have fini\bhed. . . . Now place an AP number label on the \bhaded box. If you don’t have any AP number label\b, write your AP number in the box. Look up when you have fini\bhed. . . . Read the la\bt \btatement. . . . U\bing your pen, print the fir\bt, middle and la\bt initial\b of your legal name in the boxe\b and print today’\b date where indicated. Thi\b con\btitute\b your \bignature and your agreement to the \btatement\b on the front cover. . . . Turn to the back cover and read Item 1 under “Important Identification Information.” Print the fir\bt two letter\b of your la\bt name and the fir\bt letter of your fir\bt name in the boxe\b. Look up when you have fini\bhed. . . . In Item 2, print your date of birth in the boxe\b. . . . In Item 3, write the \bchool code you printed on the front of your Student Pack in the boxe\b. . . . Read Item 4. . . . Are there any que\btion\b? . . .

47 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. AP Exam Instructions C\bEMISTRY I need to collect the Student Pack from anyone who will be taking another AP Exam. You may keep it only if you are not taking any other AP Exam\b thi\b year. If you have no other AP Exam\b to take, place your Student Pack under your chair now. . . . While Student Pack\b are being collected, read the information on the back cover of the exam booklet. Do not open the exam booklet until you are told to do \bo. Look up when you have fini\bhed. . . . Collect t\be Student Packs. Then say: Are there any que\btion\b? . . . Section II ha\b two part\b. You are re\bpon\bible for pacing your\belf, and may proceed freely from one que\btion to the next within each part. Write your an\bwer\b legibly u\bing either a pen with black or dark blue ink or a No. 2 pencil. If you u\be a pencil, be \bure that your writing i\b dark enough to be ea\bily read. Do not begin Part B until you are told to do \bo. Calculator\b are allowed for Part A. You may get your calculator\b from under your chair and place them on your de\bk. . . . You have 55 minute\b to complete Part A. You mu\bt an\bwer Que\btion\b 1, 2, and 3. If you need more paper during the exam, rai\be your hand. At the top of each extra piece of paper you u\be, be \bure to write only your AP number and the number of the que\btion you are working on. Do not write your name. Do not begin Part B at thi\b time. Are there any que\btion\b? . . . Open the exam booklet and begin Part A. 126 3 9 Note Start Time \bere . Note Stop Time \bere . C\beck t\bat students are writing t\beir answers in t\beir exam booklets and t\bat t\bey are not working on Part B. Pages in Part B are easily identifiable by a row of large bold letter B’s at t\be top of eac\b page. Proctors s\bould also make sure t\bat calculators’ infrared ports are not facing eac\b ot\ber and t\bat students are not s\baring calculators. After 45 minutes, say: There are 10 minute\b remaining in Part A. After 10 minutes, say: Stop working on Part A. Calculator\b are not allowed for Part B. Plea\be put your calculator\b under your chair. . . . You have 40 minute\b to complete Part B. You mu\bt an\bwer Que\btion\b 4, 5, and 6. If you fini\bh Part B before time i\b called, you may go back to Part A, but you may not u\be your calculator\b. You mu\bt write your an\bwer\b in the exam booklet u\bing a pen or a No. 2 pencil. If you u\be a pencil, be \bure that your writing i\b dark enough to be ea\bily read. Are there any que\btion\b? . . . You may begin Part B.

48 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. Chemistry 126 3 9 Note Start Time \bere . Note Stop Time \bere . C\beck t\bat students are writing t\beir answers in t\beir exam booklets and t\bat t\bey are not using calculators. After 30 minutes, say: There are 10 minute\b remaining in Part B. After 10 minutes, say: Stop working and clo\be your exam booklet. Place it on your de\bk, face up. . . . If any students used extra paper for t\be free-response section, \bave t\bose students staple t\be extra s\beet/s to t\be first page corresponding to t\bat question in t\beir exam booklets. Then say: Remain in your \beat, without talking, while the exam material\b are collected. . . . Collect a Section II booklet from eac\b student. C\beck for t\be following: • Exam booklet front cover: The student placed an AP number label on t\be s\baded box, and printed \bis or \ber initials and today’s date. • Exam booklet back cover: The student completed t\be “Important Identification Information” area. W\ben all exam materials \bave been collected and accounted for, return to students any electronic devices you may \bave collected before t\be start of t\be exam. \bf you are giving the regularly scheduled exam, say: You may not di\bcu\b\b the\be \bpecific free-re\bpon\be que\btion\b with anyone unle\b\b they are relea\bed on the College Board web\bite in about two day\b. You \bhould receive your \bcore report in the mail about the third week of July. \bf you are giving the alternate exam for late testing, say: None of the que\btion\b in thi\b exam may ever be di\bcu\b\bed or \bhared in any way at any time. You \bhould receive your \bcore report in the mail about the third week of July. If any students completed t\be AP number card at t\be beginning of t\bis exam, say: Plea\be remember to take your AP number card with you. Then say: You are now di\bmi\b\bed.

49 © 2012 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the We\b: www.college\board.org. AP Exam Instructions C\bEMISTRY All exam materials s\bould be put in secure storage until t\bey are returned to t\be AP Program after your sc\bool’s last administration. Before storing materials, c\beck t\be “Sc\bool Use Only” section on page 1 of t\be answer s\beet and: • Fill in t\be appropriate section number circle in order to view a separate AP Instructional Planning Report (for regularly sc\beduled exams only) or Subject Score Roster at t\be class section or teac\ber level. See “Post-Exam Activities” in t\be 2011-12 AP Coordinator’s Manual . • C\beck your list of students w\bo are eligible for fee reductions and fill in t\be appropriate circle on t\beir registration answer s\beets.

B Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section Use this section to capture student responses. (Note that the following answer sheet is a sample, and may differ from one used in an actual exam.)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Sign your legal name a\b it will appear on your college application\b. D ate To maintain the security of the exam and the validity of my AP score, \b will allow no one else to see the multiple-choice questions. \b will seal the multiple-choice booklet when asked to do so, and \b will not discuss these questions with anyone at any time after the completion of the section. \b am aware of and agree to the AP Program’s policies and procedures as outlined in the 2011-12 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents, including using test\ving accommodations \v(e.g., extended time\v, computer, etc.) only if \b ha\vve been preapproved\v by College Board Se\vrvices for Students with \vDisabilities. NAME AND EXAM AREA — COMPLETE THIS AREA AT EVERY EXAM. USE NO. 2 PENCIL ONLY A. SIGNATURE B123456789T PAGE \b Take the AP Exam label from your Section I book\Ylet and place the label here. Take an AP Number label from your AP Student Pack and place the label here. 20\b2 Answer Sheet B. LEGAL NAME Omit apostrophes, Jr., II. Legal First Name — First \b2 Letters Legal Last Name — First \b5 Letters MI A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F F F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K L L L L L L L L L L L L L M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O P P P P P P P P P P P P P Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U U U U U U V V V V V V V V V V V V V W W W W W W W W W W W W W X X X X X X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z – – – – – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6 12 7 1 8 2 9 3 10 4 11 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 S D. EXAM D ATE C. Y OUR AP NUMBER Month AM PM 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 F. MULTIPLE-CHOICE BOOKL\YET SERIAL NUMBER H. AP EXAM I AM TAKING USING THIS ANSWER SHEET Print E xam N ame: Print F orm C ode: Print F orm: 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Day Year I. DATE OF BIRTH J. SEX K. CURRENT GR ADE LEVEL STUDENT INFORMATION AREA — COMPLETE THIS AREA ONLY ONCE. Female Pre-9th 9th 10th 11th 12th Po\bt-12th Male L. SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER (Optional) M. EXPECTED D ATE OF COLLE GE ENTRANCE Fall 2012 Winter/Spring 2013 Summer 2014 Undecided 2015 N. STUDENT SEARCH SERVICE ® Ye\b No I w ant t he C ollege B oard t o \b end i nformation a bout m e t o c ollege\b, u niver\bitie\b a nd g overnment \b cholar\bhip p rogram\b i ntere\bted i n \b tudent\b l ike m e. Q. PARENTAL EDUCATION LEVEL Grade \bchool Some high \bchool High \bchool diploma or equivalent Bu\bine\b\b or trade \bchool Some college A\b\bociate or two-year degree Bachelor’\b or four-year degree Some g raduate o r p rofe\b\bional \b chool Graduate or profe\b\bional degree Exam Exam ETS USE ONLY SCHOOL USE ONLY Fee Reduction Granted Section Number Option 1 Option 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O. WHICH LANGUAGE DO YOU KNOW BEST? Engli\bh Engli\bh and another language about the \bame Another language G. ONLINE PROVIDER CODE E. EXAM S TART TIME 762000 0 0 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Father/ Male Guardian P. ETHNICITY/R ACE American Indian or Ala\bk a Native A\bian, A\bian Amer ican or Pacific I\blander Black or Afr ican Amer ican Mexican or Mexican Amer ican Puerto Rican Other Hi\bpanic, Latino or Latin Amer ican White Other Mother/ Female Guardian 00657-88488 • UNLPDF212 Q3428/ 1-4

S. LANGUAGE — Do not complete this section unle\Yss instructed to do so. \b 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H I If this answer sheet is for the French Language and Culture, German Language and Culture, Italian Language and Culture, Spanish Language, or Spanish Literature Exam, please answer the following questions. Your responses will not af\Yfect your score. 1. Have you lived or \btudied for one month or more in a country where the language of the exam you are now taking i\b \bpoken? 2. Do you regularly \bpeak or hear the language at home? Ye\b No Ye\b No Indicate your answers to the exam questions in th\Yis section. If a question has\Y only four answer options, do not mark option E. Your answer sheet will be sco\Yred by machine. Use only No. 2 pencils to mark your answers on pages 2 and 3 (one response per questi\Yon). After you have determined your response, be sure to completely fill in the corresponding circle next to the number of the question you are answering. Stray marks and smudges could be read as answers, so erase carefully and completely. Any improper gridding may affect your score. Answers written in the multiple-choice booklet will no\Yt be scored. A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E \b 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \b0 \b\b \b2 \b3 \b4 \b5 \b6 \b7 \b8 \b9 20 2\b 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3\b 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4\b 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 505\b 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 6\b 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 7\b 72 73 74 75 ETS USE ONLY 48, 55, 62, 75, 87 R W O OTHER R W O PT02 TOTAL PT03 PT04 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA R. SURVEY QUESTIONS — Answer the survey questions in the\Y AP Student Pack. Do not put responses to exam questions in th\Yis section. PAGE 2

PAGE 3 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E 76 77 78 79 80 8\b 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 9\b 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 \b00 \b0\b \b02 \b03 \b04 \b05 \b06 \b07 \b08 \b09 \b\b0\b\b\b \b\b2 \b\b3 \b\b4 \b\b5 \b\b6 \b\b7 \b\b8 \b\b9 \b20 Be sure each mark is dark and completely fills the circle. If a question has\Y only four answer options, do not mark option E. QUESTIONS 76–\b20 © 2011 The College Board. College Board, AP, Student Search Service and the acorn logo are regi\btered trademark\b of the College Board.

HOME ADDRESS AND SCHOOL AREA — COMPLETE THIS AREA ONLY ONCE. U. AREA CODE AND PHONE NUMBER ZIP OR POSTAL CODE COUNTRY CODE PAGE 4 STREET ADDRESS (include \btreet number, \btreet name, apartment number, etc.) CITY A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F F F F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K L L L L L L L L L L L L L M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O P P P P P P P P P P P P P Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U U U U U U V V V V V V V V V V V V V W W W W W W W W W W W W W X X X X X X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E F F F F F F F F F G G G G G G G G G H H H H H H H H H I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J K K K K K K K K K L L L L L L L L L M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O P P P P P P P P P Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U U V V V V V V V V V W W W W W W W W W X X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 / / / / / / / 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 T. YOUR MAILING ADDRESS U\be the addre\b\b abbreviation\b from your AP Student Pack. Fill in only one circle per column. Indicate a \bpace in your addre\b\b by leaving a blank box; do not grid that column. AK AL AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GAHI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD MEMI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TXUT VA VT WA WI WV WY Puerto Rico Other STATE X. FOR STUDENTS OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES ONLY SCHOOL CODE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 V. SCHOOL YOU ATTEND 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 COLLEGE CODE 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 W. COLLEGE TO RECEIVE YOUR AP SCORE REPORT College Name State Country U\bing the college code li\bted in the AP Student Pack, indicate the ONE college that you want to receive your AP \bcore report. Y. EMAIL ADDRESS INTERNATIONAL PHONE School Name State Country City City If the addre\b\b gridded above i\b not complete enough for delivery of your \bcore report, plea\be fill in thi\b circle and print your complete addre\b\b below. Addre\b\b City State or Province Country ZIP or Po\btal Code By providing your email addre\b\b, you are granting the College Board permi\b\bion to u\be your email in accordance with the policie\b in the 2011-12 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents .

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

B Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions This is the multiple-choice section of the 2012 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.)

At a Glance Total Time1 hour, 30 minutes Number of Questions75 Percent of Total Score50% Writing InstrumentPencil required Electronic DeviceNone allowed Instructions Section I of this exam contains 75 multiple-choice questions.Fill in only the circles for numbers 1 through 75 of the answer sheet. Indicate all of your answers to the multiple- choice questions on the answer sheet.No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Here is a sample question and answer. Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all of the multiple- choice questions. Your total score on the multiple- choice section is based only on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions. DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. AP ® Chemistry Exam SECTION I: Multiple Choice 2012 Form I Form Code 4IBP4-S 25 Minimum 20% post-consumer waste

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -2- MATERIAL IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE MAY BE US EFUL IN ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION OF THE EXAMINATION.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -3- CHEMISTRY Section I Time — 1 hour and 30 minutes NO CALCULATOR MAY BE USED WITH SECTION I. Note: For all questions, assume that the temperature is 298 K, the pressure is 1.00 atmosphere, and solutions are aqueous unless otherwise specified. Throughout the test the following symbols have th e definitions specified unless otherwise noted. T = temperature L, mL = liter(s), milliliter(s) P = pressure g = gram(s) V = volume nm = nanometer(s) S = entropy atm = atmosphere(s) H = enthalpy mm Hg = millimeters of mercury G = Gibbs free energy J, kJ = joule(s), kilojoule(s) R = molar gas constant V = volt(s) n = number of moles mol = mole(s) M = molar m = molal Part A Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered statements immediately following it. Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set. Questions 1-3 refer to the following gaseous molecules. (A) BeCl 2 (B) SO 2 (C) N 2 (D) O 2 (E) F 2 1. Is a polar molecule 2. Is best represented by two or more resonance forms 3. Is the molecule in which the intramolecular forces are strongest

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -4- Questions 4-5 (A) Alpha-particle emission (B) Beta-particle emission (C) Electron capture (D) Gamma-ray emission (E) Nuclear fission 4. Is the major process by which nuclei lose excess energy without a change in atomic number 5. Accounts for the transformation of 207 81 T1 into 207 82 Pb Questions 6-8 refer to the following types of chemical or physical changes. (A) Oxidation-reduction reaction (B) Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction (C) Sublimation (D) Dehydration (E) Precipitation 6. Occurs when aqueous solutions of ammonia and vinegar are mixed 7. Occurs when Al(s) and CuCl 2( aq) are mixed 8. Occurs when solid sodium acetate, NaC 2H3O2( s ), is added to water

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -5- Questions 9-10 refer to the following gas molecules at the conditions indicated. (A) H 2(g ) molecules at 10 - 3 atm and 200 ∞C (B) O 2( g ) molecules at 20 atm and 200∞C (C) SO 2( g ) molecules at 20 atm and 200∞C (D) NH 3( g ) molecules at 20 atm and 200∞C (E) NH 3( g ) molecules at 20 atm and 300∞C 9. Behave most like an ideal gas 10. Have lowest root-mean-square speed Questions 11-13 (A) Cs (B) Ag (C) Pb (D) Br (E) Se 11. Has the highest electronegativity 12. Has the lowest first-ionization energy 13. Has the largest atomic radius

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- Questions 14-16 refer to the following compounds. (A) CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3 (B) CH 3CH 2CH 2OH (C) CH 3COCH 3 (D) CH 3COOH (E) CH 3CH 2CH 2NH 2 14. Is isomeric with CH 3CH 2CHO 15. Dissolves in water to form an acidic solution 16. Is the LEAST soluble in water

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- Part B Directions: Each of the questions or inco mplete statements below is followe d by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. 17. A certain crystalline substance that has a low melting point does not conduct electricity in solution or when melted. This substance is likely to be (A) a covalent network solid (B) a metallic solid (C) a polymer (D) an ionic solid (E) a molecular solid 18. Solid Al(NO 3)3 is added to distilled water to produce a solution in which the concentration of nitrate, [NO 3 -], is 0.10 M. What is the concentra- tion of aluminum ion, [Al 3+], in this solution? (A) 0.010 M (B) 0.033 M (C) 0.066 M (D) 0.10 M (E) 0.30 M 19. Which of the following is a weak acid in aqueous solution? (A) HCl (B) HClO 4 (C) HNO 3 (D) H 2S (E) H 2SO 4 20. In 1.00 mol of potassium zirconium sulfate trihydrate, K 4Zr(SO 4)4  3 H 2O, there are (A) 3 × 6.02 × 10 23 hydrogen atoms (B) 6.02 × 10 23 sulfur atoms (C) 4 × 6.02 × 1023 potassium atoms (D) 4 moles of oxygen atoms (E) 4 moles of zirconium atoms X + 2 Y Æ Z + 3 Q 21. For the reaction represented above, the initial rate of decrease in [ X] was 2.8 × 10 -3 mol L -1 s- 1. What was the initial rate of decrease in [Y] ? (A) 7.0 × 10 - 4 mol L -1 s-1 (B) 1.4 × 10 - 3 mol L -1 s-1 (C) 2.8 × 10 - 3 mol L -1 s-1 (D) 5.6 × 10 - 3 mol L -1 s-1 (E) 1.1 × 10 - 2 mol L -1 s-1 22. To determine the per centage of water in a hydrated salt, a student heated a 1.2346 g sample of the salt for 30 minutes; when cooled to room temperature, the sample weighed 1.1857 g. After the sample was heated for an additional 10 min- utes and again cooled to room temperature, the sample weighed 1.1632 g. Which of the following should the student do next? (A) Use the smallest mass value to calculate the percentage of water in the hydrated salt. (B) Repeat the experiment with a new sample of the same mass and average the results. (C) Repeat the experiment with a new sample that has a different mass. (D) Reheat the sample until its mass is constant. (E) Use the average of the mass values obtained after the two heatings to calculate the percentage of water in the hydrated salt.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 23. Which of the following statements about atoms is NOT correct? (A) Atoms are electrically neutral because they have the same number of protons and electrons. (B) All atoms of a given element must have the same number of prot ons, neutrons, and electrons. (C) Most of the volume of an atom contains only electrons. (D) The nucleus is positively charged. (E) Almost all of the mass of an atom is in the nucleus. NH 3(aq) + HCl(aq) Æ ¨ NH 4 +( aq) + Cl -( aq) 24. The Brønsted-Lowry bases in the reaction represented above are (A) NH 3(aq) and NH 4 +( aq) (B) NH 3( aq) and Cl -( aq) (C) NH 3( aq) and HCl( aq) (D) HCl( aq) and NH 4+( aq) (E) HCl( aq) and Cl -( aq) 25. When 6.0 L of He( g) and 10. L of N 2(g ), both at 0 °C and 1.0 atm, are pumped into an evacuated 4.0 L rigid container, the final pressure in the container at 0 °C is (A) 2.0 atm (B) 4.0 atm (C) 6.4 atm (D) 8.8 atm (E) 16 atm 26. Shown above is the phase diagram of a pure substance. The substance under the conditions corresponding to point X on the diagram is cooled to 40 ∞C while the pressure remains constant. As the substance cools, the phase of the substance changes from (A) gas to liquid to solid (B) gas to solid to liquid (C) solid to liquid to gas (D) liquid to solid to gas (E) liquid to gas to solid 27. Oxygen is acting as an oxidizing agent in all of the following reactions EXCEPT (A) 2 C( s) + O 2(g ) Æ 2 CO(g ) (B) S( s) + O 2(g ) Æ SO 2(g ) (C) 2 F 2( g ) + O 2(g ) Æ 2 OF 2(g ) (D) 2 Na( s) + O 2(g ) Æ Na 2O2(s) (E) 2 Mg( s) + O 2(g ) Æ 2 MgO( s) 28. What is the maximum number of moles of Al 2O3 that can be produced by the reaction of 0.40 mol of Al with 0.40 mol of O2 ? (A) 0.10 mol (B) 0.20 mol (C) 0.27 mol (D) 0.33 mol (E) 0.40 mol

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- … C 3H8( g ) + … O 2(g ) Æ … H 2O(g ) + … CO 2(g ) 29. When the equation for the reaction represented above is balanced and all coefficients are reduced to the lowest whole-number terms, the coefficient for O 2(g ) is (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 6 30. A 0.1 M solution of which of the following is colorless? (A) MgCl 2 (B) Ni(NO 3)2 (C) Na 2CrO 4 (D) KMnO 4 (E) CuSO 4 31. Under which of the following conditions can an endothermic reaction be thermodynamically favorable? (A) ΔG is positive (B) ΔS is negative (C) TΔ S > Δ H (D) TΔ S = 0 (E) There are no conditions under which an endothermic reaction can be thermodynamically favorable. 32. The vapor pressure of pure water at 25° C is 24.0 mm Hg. What is the expected vapor pressure at 25 °C of an ideal solution of a nonvolatile nonelectrolyte in which the mole fraction of water is 0.900 ? (A) 1.48 mm Hg (B) 2.40 mm Hg (C) 21.6 mm Hg (D) 24.0 mm Hg (E) 26.7 mm Hg 33. Which of the following salts is LEAST soluble in water? (A) NiS (B) MgCl 2 (C) K 2CrO 4 (D) Al 2(SO 4)3 (E) Pb(NO 3)2 34. Which of the following is the best piece of laboratory glassware for preparing 500.0 mL of an aqueous solution of a solid? (A) Volumetric flask (B) Erlenmeyer flask (C) Test tube (D) Graduated beaker (E) Graduated cylinder

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -10- Questions 35-36 refer to the experiment described below. H 2 gas and N2 gas were placed in a rigid vessel and allowed to reach equilibrium in the presence of a catalyst according to the following equation. 3 H 2( g ) + N 2(g ) Æ ¨ 2 NH 3( g ) ΔH ∞ = -92 kJ/mol rxn The diagram below shows how the concentrations of H2, N2, and NH 3 in this system changed over time. 35. Which of the following was true for the system between time t 1 and time t 2 ? (A) The concentration of N2 decreased. (B) The temperature of the system decreased. (C) The number of effective collisions between H2 and N2 was zero. (D) The rates of the forward and reverse reactions were equal. (E) The rate of formation of NH 3 molecules was equal to the rate of disappearance of H2 molecules. 36. More NH 3 gas is added to the system at time t2 while the temperature is held constant. Which of the following will most likely occur? (A) The value of the equilibrium constant will increase. (B) The value of the equilibrium constant will decrease. (C) The total pressure in the container will decrease. (D) The amount of N 2 will increase. (E) The amount of H 2 will decrease.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -11- 37. When heated, metallic carbonates generally produce (A) metallic peroxide + CO (B) metal + CO + O 2 (C) metallic hydroxide + CO 2 (D) metallic oxalate + O 2 (E) metallic oxide + CO 2 Fe 3+(aq) + SCN -( aq) Æ ¨ Fe(SCN) 2+( aq) 38. For the reaction represented above, the value of the equilibrium constant, K eq, is 240 at 25∞C. From this information, correct deductions about the reaction at 25∞C include which of the following? I. The reaction is quite rapid. II. The product is favored over the reactants at equilibrium. III. The reaction is endothermic. (A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III 39. The volume of water that must be added in order to dilute 40 mL of 9.0 M HCl to a concentration of 6.0 M is closest to (A) 10 mL (B) 20 mL (C) 30 mL (D) 40 mL (E) 60 mL 40. Which of the following statements best explains why an increase in temperature of 5-10 Celsius degrees can substantially increase the rate of a chemical reaction? (A) The activation energy for the reaction is lowered. (B) The number of effective collisions between reactant particles is increased. (C) The rate of the reverse reaction is increased. (D) DH for the reaction is lowered. (E) DG for the reaction becomes more positive. 2 KClO 3(s ) Æ 2 KCl( s) + 3 O 2(g ) 41. What is the percentage yield of O 2 if 12.3 g of KClO 3 (molar mass 123 g) is decomposed to produce 3.2 g of O 2 (molar mass 32 g) according to the equation above? (A) 100% (B) 67% (C) 50% (D) 33% (E) 10% 42. When a strong acid is titrated with a strong base using phenolphthalein as an indicator, the color changes abruptly at the endpoint of the titration and can be switched back and forth by the addition of only one drop of acid or base. The reason for the abruptness of this color change is that (A) a large change in pH occurs near the endpoint of the titration (B) a buffer solution exists at the endpoint of the titration (C) phenolphthalein is a strong proton donor (D) the pH of water is very resistant to change (E) phenolphthalein is much more sensitive to the pH of a solution than most other indicators

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -12- 43. A 1 mol sample of zinc can reduce the greatest number of moles of which of the following ions? (A) Al 3+ (B) Pb2+ (C) Ag+ (D) Cl - (E) N 3 - 44. At 298 K and 1 atm, bromine is a liquid with a high vapor pressure, whereas chlorine is a gas. This provides evidence that, under these conditions, the (A) forces among Br 2 molecules are greater than those among Cl 2 molecules (B) forces among Br 2 molecules are weaker than the Br -Br bond (C) forces among Cl 2 molecules are stronger than the Cl -Cl bond (D) Br- Br bond is stronger than the Cl- Cl bond (E) Br- Br bond is weaker than the Cl -Cl bond 45. The value of Ksp for PbCl 2 is 1.6 ¥ 10 -5. What is the lowest concentration of Cl −( aq) that would be needed to begin precipitation of PbCl 2( s) in 0.010 M Pb(NO 3)2 ? (A) 1.6 ¥ 10 - 7 M (B) 4.0 ¥ 10 - 4 M (C) 1.6 ¥ 10 - 3 M (D) 2.6 ¥ 10 - 3 M (E) 4.0 ¥ 10 - 2 M 46. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the lowest freezing point? (A) 0.2 m NaCl (B) 0.2 m CaCl 2 (C) 0.2 m H 2SO 4 (D) 0.2 m NH 3 (E) 0.2 m Al(NO 3)3 Step 1: NO( g) + O 3(g ) Æ NO 2(g ) + O 2(g ) Step 2: NO 2( g ) + O( g) Æ NO( g) + O 2(g ) 47. A reaction mechanism for the destruction of ozone, O 3(g ), is represented above. In the overall reaction, NO( g) is best described as (A) an inhibitor (B) a catalyst (C) a reactant (D) an intermediate (E) a product 48. When a buret is rinsed before a titration, which of the techniques below is the best procedure? (A) Rinse the buret one time with some of the titrant solution. (B) Rinse the buret one time with some of the titrant solution and then dry the buret in an oven. (C) Rinse the buret two times: once with some of the titrant solution, then once with distilled water. (D) Rinse the buret two times: each time with some of the titrant solution. (E) Rinse the buret two times: each time with distilled water.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -13- Sr 2+( aq) + F -( aq) Æ ¨ SrF +( aq) 49. At 25°C, the equilibrium constant for the reaction represented above has a value of 1.3. At 50 °C, the value of the equilibrium co nstant is less than 1.3. Based on this information, which of the following must be correct? (A) The reaction rate decreases as the temperature is increased. (B) The reaction is thermodynamically favorable only at temperatures above 25 °C. (C) At 25° C, ΔG° for the reaction is positive. (D) At 25 °C, ΔS° for the reaction is positive. (E) At 25 °C, ΔH ° for the reaction is negative. Ni 2+( aq) + 6 NH 3(aq) Æ [Ni(NH 3)6]2+(aq) 50. The reaction represented above is best classified as (A) a Lewis acid-base reaction (B) a Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction (C) an Arrhenius acid-base reaction (D) an oxidation-reduction reaction (E) a precipitation reaction

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -14- Cu 2+( aq) + 2 e - Æ Cu( s) E° = 0.34 V Cr 3+( aq) + e - Æ Cr 2+(aq) E° = -0.41 V 51. According to the half-reactions represented above, which of the following occurs in aqueous solutions under standard conditions? (A) Cu 2+(aq) + Cr 3+(aq) Æ Cu(s) + Cr 2+(aq) (B) Cu 2+( aq) + 2 Cr 2+(aq) Æ Cu( s) + 2 Cr 3+(aq) (C) Cu(s) + 2 Cr 3+( aq) Æ Cu 2+(aq) + 2 Cr 2+(aq) (D) Cu(s) + Cr 3+( aq) Æ Cu 2+(aq) + Cr 2+(aq) (E) 2 Cu 2+( aq) + Cr 3+(aq) Æ 2 Cu(s) + Cr 2+(aq) . . . Zn(s) + . . . H +(aq) + . . . NO 3 -( aq) → . . . Zn 2+(aq) + . . . NH 4 +( aq) + . . . H 2O(l ) 52. When the equation above is balanced and all coeffi cients are reduced to lowest whole number terms, the coefficient for Zn( s) is (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 10 (E) 14

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -15- 4 NH 3( g ) + 3 O 2(g ) Æ 2 N 2(g ) + 6 H 2O(g ) 53. If the standard molar heats of formation of ammonia, NH 3(g ), and gaseous water, H2O(g ), are -46 kJ/mol and -242 kJ/mol, respectively, what is the value of 298H D ∞ for the reaction represented above? (A) -190 kJ/mol rxn (B) -290 kJ/mol rxn (C) -580 kJ/mol rxn (D) -1,270 kJ/mol rxn (E) -1,640 kJ/mol rxn 54. When a magnesium wire is dipped into a solution of lead(II) nitrate, a black deposit forms on the wire. Which of the following can be concluded from this observation? (A) The standard reduction potential, E ∞, for Pb 2+( aq) is greater than that for Mg 2+(aq). (B) Mg(s) is less easily oxidized than Pb( s). (C) An external source of potential must have been supplied. (D) The magnesium wire will be the cathode of a Mg/Pb cell. (E) Pb(s) can spontaneously displace Mg 2+( aq) from solution. 55. Which of the molecules represented below contains carbon with sp 2 hybridization? (A) CH 4 (B) CH 2Cl 2 (C) C 2H6 (D) C 2H2Cl 2 (E) C 2H4Cl 2 56. A chemical supply company sells a concentrated solution of aqueous H2SO 4 (molar mass 98 g mol − 1) that is 50. percent H2SO 4 by mass. At 25° C, the density of the solution is 1.4 g mL −1. What is the molarity of the H2SO 4 solution at 25° C? (A) 1.8 M (B) 3.6 M (C) 5.1 M (D) 7.1 M (E) 14 M 57. A reaction produces a colorless gas, which is collected by water displacement. A glowing splint inserted into a bottle full of the gas is extinguished. The gas could be (A) N 2 (B) NO 2 (C) O 2 (D) Br 2 (E) Cl 2 58. A solution of methanol, CH 3OH , in water is prepared by mixing together 128 g of methanol and 108 g of water. The mole fraction of methanol in the solution is closest to (A) 0.80 (B) 0.60 (C) 0.50 (D) 0.40 (E) 0.20 59. A sample of a compound contains 3.21 g of sulfur and 11.4 g of fluorine. Which of the following represents the empirical formula of the compound? (A) SF 2 (B) SF 3 (C) SF 4 (D) SF 5 (E) SF 6

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -16- 60. Of the following, the best explanation for the fact that most gases are easily compressed is that the molecules in a gas (A) are in constant motion (B) are relatively far apart (C) have relatively small masses (D) have a real, nonzero volume (E) move slower as temperature decreases 61. Given that the density of Hg( l) at 0 °C is about 14 g mL - 1, which of the following is closest to the volume of one mole of Hg( l) at this temperature? (A) 0.070 mL (B) 0.14 mL (C) 1.4 mL (D) 14 mL (E) 28 mL

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -17- 62. A sample of an unknown gas from a cylinder is collected over water in the apparatus shown a bove. After all the gas sample has been collected, the water levels inside and outside the gas collection tube are made the same. Measurements that must be made to calculate the molar mass of the gas include all of the following EXCEPT (A) atmospheric pressure (B) temperature of the water (C) volume of gas in the gas-collection tube (D) initial and final mass of the gas cylinder (E) mass of the water in the apparatus

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -18- 63. Addition of sulfurous acid (a weak acid) to barium hydroxide (a strong base) results in the formation of a precipitate. The net ionic equation for this reaction is (A) 2 H +( aq) + 2 OH -(aq) Æ ¨ 2 H 2O(l ) (B) H 2SO 3( aq) + Ba 2+(aq) + 2 OH -(aq) Æ ¨ BaSO 3( s) + 2 H 2O(l ) (C) 2 H +( aq) + SO 3 2 - (aq) + Ba 2+(aq) + 2 OH -(aq) Æ ¨ BaSO 3( s) + 2 H 2O(l ) (D) H 2SO 3( aq) + Ba 2+(aq) + 2 OH -(aq) Æ ¨ Ba 2+( aq) + SO 3 2 - (aq) + 2 H 2O(l ) (E) H 2SO 3( aq) + Ba(OH) 2(aq) Æ ¨ BaSO 3( s) + 2 H 2O(l )

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -19- 1 2 H 2( g ) + 1 2 I2(s ) Æ HI( g) ΔH = 26 kJ/mol rxn 1 2 H 2(g ) + 1 2 I2(g ) Æ HI( g) ΔH = - 5.0 kJ/mol rxn 64. Based on the information above, what is the enthalpy change for the sublimation of iodine, represented below? I 2(s) → I 2(g ) (A) 15 kJ/mol rxn (B) 21 kJ/mol rxn (C) 31 kJ/mol rxn (D) 42 kJ/mol rxn (E) 62 kJ/mol rxn 65. Which of the following graphs correctly shows the relationship between potential energy and internuclear separation for two hydrogen atoms? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -20- 66. Which of the following compounds is LEAST likely to exist? (A) PCl 5 (B) PBr 3 (C) NF 3 (D) NI 5 (E) SbF 5 67. The graph above shows the titration curve that resulted when a sample of 0.1 M monoprotic acid was titrated with a solution of NaOH. Based on the graph, the p K a of the acid is closest to (A) 3.0 (B) 4.0 (C) 6.0 (D) 8.0 (E) 12.0 68. The rate law for the reaction of nitrogen dioxide and chlorine is found to be rate = k [NO 2]2[Cl 2]. By what factor does the rate of the reaction change when the concentrations of both NO 2 and Cl 2 are doubled? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 8 69. When a student prepares an aqueous solution containing the five cations Ag +(aq), Hg 2 2+ ( aq), Cu 2+(aq), Mn 2+(aq), and Ba 2+(aq), the student observes that no precipitates form in the solution. Which of the following could be the identity of the anion in the solution? (A) Cl -( aq) (B) CO 3 2 - (aq) (C) CrO 4 2 - (aq) (D) NO 3 -( aq) (E) SO 4 2 - (aq) 70. What is the molarity of I -( aq) in a solution that contains 34 g of SrI 2 (molar mass 341 g) in 1.0 L of the solution? (A) 0.034 M (B) 0.068 M (C) 0.10 M (D) 0.20 M (E) 0.68 M

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -21- 71. Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds? (A) SO 3 (B) C 2H5OH (C) MgF 2 (D) H 2S (E) NH 4Cl 72. Some pollutant gases in the atmosphere act as contributors to the formation of acid rain, a serious environmental problem. An example of such a gas is (A) N 2 (B) O 2 (C) H 2O (D) NO 2 (E) CH 4 2 S( s) + 2 O 2(g ) Æ ¨ 2 SO 2( g ) K 1 = 2 ¥ 10 105 2 SO 2( g ) + O 2(g ) Æ ¨ 2 SO 3( g ) K 2 = 7 ¥ 10 24 73. Given the value of the equilibrium constants K 1 and K 2 for the reactions represented above, what is the value of the equilibrium constant, K 3, for the following reaction? 2 S( s) + 3 O 2(g ) Æ ¨ 2 SO 3( g ) K 3 = ? (A) 1 ¥ 10 130 (B) 3 ¥ 10 80 (C) 1 ¥ 10 65 (D) 2 ¥ 10 40 (E) 7 ¥ 10 24

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. -22- 74. Which of the following molecules is nonpolar but has polar covalent bonds? (A) N 2 (B) H 2O2 (C) H 2O (D) CCl 4 (E) CH 2Cl 2 75. A 0.10 M solution of which of the following salts is most basic? (A) LiNO 3 (B) Na 2SO 4 (C) CaCl 2 (D) Al(NO 3)3 (E) K 2CO 3 END OF SECTION I IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION. DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE DONE THE FOLLOWING. • PLACED YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET • WRITTEN AND GRIDDED YOUR AP NUMBER CORRECTLY ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET • TAKEN THE AP EXAM LABEL FROM THE FRONT OF THIS BOOKLET AND PLACED IT ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

B Section II: Free-Response Questions This is the free-response section of the 2012 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.)

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. At a Glance Total Time1 hour, 35 minutes Number of Questions6 Percent of Total Score50% Writing InstrumentEither pencil or pen with black or dark blue ink Part A Number of Questions3 Time55 minutes Electronic DeviceCalculator allowed Percent of Section II ScoreQuestion 1 20% Question 220% Question 320% Part B Number of Questions3 Time40 minutes Electronic DeviceNone allowed Percent of Section II ScoreQuestion 4 10% Question 515% Question 615% AP ® Chemistry Exam SECTION II: Free Response 2012 Form I Form Code 4EBP2-S2 25 Minimum 20% post-consumer waste Instructions The questions for Part A and Part B are printed in this booklet .Pages containing a periodic table, reduction potentials, and lists containing equations and constants are also printed in this booklet. The proctor will announce the times for Part A and Part B; you may not begin working on Part B until the proctor tells you to do so. However,you may proceed freely from one question to the next within each part. You may use the pages that the questions are printed on to organize your answers or for scratch work, but you must write your answers in the areas designated for each response . Write clearly and legibly. Cross out any errors you make; erased or crossed- out work will not be scored. Manage your time carefully. Do not spend too much time on any one question. If you finish Part B before time is called, you may go back to Part A,but you may NOT use a calculator.

-2- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. INFORMATION IN THE TABLE BELOW AND IN THE TABL ES ON PAGES 3-5 MAY BE USEFUL IN ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION OF THE EXAMINATION.

-3- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AT 25 C∞ Half-reaction (V) E∞ 2F( ) 2 ge - + Æ 2F - 2.87 3+ Co e- + Æ 2 Co + 1.82 3+ Au 3 e - + Æ Au( )s 1.50 2Cl ( ) 2 ge - + Æ 2Cl - 1.36 + 2 O() 4H 4 ge - ++ Æ 2 2H O( ) l 1.23 2Br ( ) 2 le - + Æ 2Br - 1.07 2+ 2Hg 2e - + Æ 2+ 2 Hg 0.92 2+ Hg 2 e - + Æ Hg()l 0.85 + Ag e - + Æ Ag()s 0.80 2+ 2 Hg 2 e - + Æ 2H g()l 0.79 3+ Fe e - + Æ 2+ Fe 0.77 2I() 2 se - + Æ 2I - 0.53 + Cu e - + Æ Cu( )s 0.52 2+ Cu 2 e - + Æ Cu( )s 0.34 2+ Cu e - + Æ + Cu 0.15 4+ Sn 2 e - + Æ 2+ Sn 0.15 + S( ) 2 H 2 se - ++ Æ 2HS( ) g 0.14 + 2H 2e - + Æ 2H() g 0.00 2+ Pb 2 e - + Æ Pb( )s –0.13 2+ Sn 2 e - + Æ Sn( )s –0.14 2+ Ni 2 e - + Æ Ni( )s –0.25 2+ Co 2 e - + Æ Co( )s –0.28 2+ Cd 2 e - + Æ Cd( )s –0.40 3+ Cr e - + Æ 2+ Cr –0.41 2+ Fe 2 e - + Æ Fe( )s –0.44 3+ Cr 3 e - + Æ Cr( )s –0.74 2+ Zn 2 e - + Æ Zn( )s –0.76 2 2H O( ) 2 le - + Æ 2H() + 2OHg - –0.83 2+ Mn 2 e - + Æ Mn( )s –1.18 3+ Al 3 e - + Æ Al( )s –1.66 2+ Be 2 e - + Æ Be( )s –1.70 2+ Mg 2 e - + Æ Mg()s –2.37 + Na e - + Æ Na( )s –2.71 2+ Ca 2 e - + Æ Ca( )s –2.87 2+Sr 2 e - + Æ Sr( )s –2.89 2+ Ba 2 e - + Æ Ba( )s –2.90 + Rb e - + Æ Rb( )s –2.92 +K e - + Æ K( )s –2.92 + Cs e - + Æ Cs( )s –2.92 +Li e - + Æ Li( )s –3.05

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -4- ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY EQUATIONS AND CONSTANTS energy velocity frequenc y principal quantum number wavelength mass momentum E vn m p u l == == == = 81 34 23 1 23 1 19 Speed of light, 3.0 10 m s Planck’s constant, 6.63 10 J s Boltzmann’s constant, 1.38 10 J K Avogadro’s number 6.022 10 molElectron char ge, 1.602 10 coulomb 1 electron volt per a c h k e - - -- - - =¥ =¥ =¥ =¥ =- ¥ 1l tom 96.5 kJ mo - = Equilibrium Constants (weak acid) (weak base) (water) (gas pressure) (molar concentrations) a b w p cK K K K K standard entropy standard enthalpy standard free energy standard reduction potential temperature moles mass heat specific heat capacity molar heat capacit y at constant pressure activ p a S H G E Tn m q c C E = = = = = = = = = = =D D D D ation energy rate constant frequency factor k A = = 11 11 11 11 Faraday's constant , 96, 500 coulombs per mole of electrons Gas constant, 8.31 J mol K 0.0821 L atm mol K 62.4 L torr mol K 8.31 volt coulomb mol K R -- -- -- -- = = = = =  ATOMIC STRUCTURE 18 2 2.178 10 joule n Ehv c v h =pm m E n u l l u - == = -¥ = EQUILIBRIUM 14 [H ] [A ] [HA] [OH ] [HB ] [B] [OH ] [H ] 1.0 10 @ 25 C pH log [H ], pOH log[OH ] 14 pH pOH [A ] pH p log [HA] [HB ] pOH p log [B] p log , p log (), where moles product gas mol a b w ab a b a abb pc n K K K KK K K KKKK KKRT n +- -+ -+ - +- -+ = = = =¥ =¥ =- =- =+ =+ =+ =- =- = =- D D D es reactant gas THERMOCHEMISTRY/KINETICS products reactants products reactants products reactants ln 2.303 log ln 2.303 lo g p f f f f SS S HH H GG G GHTS RT K RT K nE G G RT Q G RT Q qmcT H C T = = =- - =- - =- =- =- =+ =+ = =ÂÂ ÂÂ ÂÂ D DD D D DD D DD DD D DD D DD D DD D DD D DD D D D D  [ ] [ ] [] [] 0 0 ln A ln A 11 AA t t kt kt -=- -= ( )1 ln ln aE kA RT - =+

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -5- GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLUTIONS 11 2 2 12 12 21 22 , 2 () moles A where total moles ... KC273 33 1 per molecule 2 3 per mole 2 molarity, moles solu Atotal A A total A B C rmsPP PV nRT na PVnbnRT V XX PPPP m n PV P V TT m D V kT RT u m KE m KE RT r r M ʈ Á˜ ˯ =¥ = = = +-= = =+++ = =+ = == = = = D u M M M M te per liter solution molalit y moles solute per kilo gram solvent molality molality ff bbTiK TiK iMRT Aabc = =¥ =¥ = = D D p OXIDATION-REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY cell cell cell , [C] [D] where A B C D [A] [B] 0.0592 ln lo g @25 C log 0.0592 cd ab Qa bcd q I t RT EE QE Q nn nE K =+ Æ+ = =- =- = DD D D  pressure volume temperature number of moles density mass velocity P V T n D m = = = = = = = u root -mean-square speed kinetic energy rate of effusion molar mass osmotic pressure van't Hoff factor molal freezin g-point depression constant molal boilin g-point elevation constant abs rms f buKE r i K K Ap = = = = = = = = = M orbance molar absorptivity path length concentration reaction quotient current (amperes) charge (coulombs) time (seconds) standard reduction potential equilibrium constant a b c Q I q t E K = = = = = = = = = D 11 11 11 11 23 1 1 2 1 2 1atm 7 Gas constant, 8.31 J mol K 0.0821 L atm mol K 62.4 L torr mol K 8.31 volt coulomb mol K Boltzmann's constant, 1.38 10 J K for H O 1.86 K kg mol for H O 0.512 K kg mol f b R k K K -- -- -- -- -- - - = = = = = =¥ = = 60 mm Hg 760 torr STP 0.00 C and 1.0 atm Faraday's constant, 96, 500 coulombs per mole of electrons = = = D 

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- CHEMISTRY Section II (Total time—95 minutes) Part A Time — 55 minutes YOU MAY USE YOUR CALCULATOR FOR PART A. CLEARLY SHOW THE METHOD USED AND THE STEPS INVOLVED IN ARRIVING AT YOUR ANSWERS. It is to your advantage to do this, sinc e you may obtain partial credit if you do an d you will receive little or no credit if you do not. Attention should be paid to significant figures. Be sure to write all your answers to the questions on the lined pages following each question in this booklet. Answer Questions 1, 2, and 3. The Section II score weighting for each question is 20 percent. CH 3NH 2(aq) + H 2O(l ) Æ ¨ CH 3NH 3 +( aq) + OH −(aq) K b = 4.4 × 10 − 4 1. Methylamine, CH 3NH 2, is a weak base that reacts with water acco rding to the equation above. A student obtains a 50.0 mL sample of a methylamine solution and de termines the pH of the solution to be 11.77. (a) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K b, for methylamine. (b) Calculate the molar concentration of OH - in the 50.0 mL sample of the methylamine solution. (c) Calculate the initial molar concentration of CH 3NH 2( aq) in the solution before it reacted with water and equilibrium was established. The 50.0 mL sample of the methylamine solution is titrated with an HCl solution of unknown concentration. The equivalence point of the titration is r eached after a volume of 36.0 mL of the HCl solution is added. The pH of the solution at the equivalence point is 5.98. (d) Write the net-ionic equation that represents the reaction that takes place during the titration. (e) Calculate the concentration of the HCl solution used to titrate the methylamine. (f) Using the axes provided, sketch the titration curve that results from the titration described above. On the graph, clearly label the equivalence point of the titration.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7-

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- ADDITIONAL PAGE FOR ANSWERING QUESTION 1

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- ADDITIONAL PAGE FOR ANSWERING QUESTION 1

. . . . . .